{"id":5,"date":"2026-04-07T21:46:35","date_gmt":"2026-04-07T21:46:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/live-jsums-2026.pantheonsite.io\/home-2\/"},"modified":"2026-07-07T20:55:35","modified_gmt":"2026-07-07T20:55:35","slug":"home-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5\" class=\"elementor elementor-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85fbf15 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"85fbf15\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8223c4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"8223c4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<html lang=\"en\"><head>\n<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0\">\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Department of Biology at Jackson State University, College of Science, Engineering and Technology \u2014 undergraduate and graduate biology programs preparing students for careers in medicine, biomedical sciences, biotechnology, environmental science, and the health professions.\">\n<title>Department of Biology \u00b7 Jackson State University<\/title>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/\">\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin=\"\">\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Sora:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&amp;family=Crimson+Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600&amp;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n<style>\n*,*::before,*::after{margin:0;padding:0;box-sizing:border-box;}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;}\nbody{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.7;color:#1C2430;background:#FFFFFF;overflow-x:hidden;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;}\nimg{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block;}a{text-decoration:none;color:inherit;}ul,ol{list-style:none;}\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,*::before,*::after{animation-duration:.01ms!important;transition-duration:.01ms!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important;}}\na:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,[role=\"button\"]:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,select:focus-visible,textarea:focus-visible,[tabindex]:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #008ED6;outline-offset:3px;border-radius:4px;}\n.dk a:focus-visible,.dk button:focus-visible{outline-color:#6DC8F5;}\n.w{max-width:1340px;margin:0 auto;padding-left:clamp(1.25rem,4vw,3rem);padding-right:clamp(1.25rem,4vw,3rem);}\n.skip-link{position:absolute;top:-120px;left:1rem;background:#008ED6;color:#FFFFFF;padding:.75rem 1.5rem;border-radius:0 0 8px 8px;font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:.9rem;z-index:9999;transition:top .2s;text-decoration:underline;}\n.skip-link:focus{top:0;outline:3px solid #FFFFFF;outline-offset:2px;}\n.breadcrumb{background:#E6EEF6;border-bottom:1px solid #C2D4E6;padding:.65rem 0;}\n.breadcrumb__list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:.35rem;font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.78rem;color:#636B78;}\n.breadcrumb__list li{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.35rem;}\n.breadcrumb__list li+li::before{content:'\u203a';color:#C2D4E6;font-size:1rem;}\n.breadcrumb__list a{color:#00629A;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px;font-weight:500;}\n.breadcrumb__list a:hover{color:#002147;}\n.breadcrumb__list [aria-current=\"page\"]{color:#4A5060;font-weight:600;}\n.hero{position:relative;background-color:#00152E;background-image:linear-gradient(135deg,#00152E 0%,#002147 100%);overflow:hidden;padding:clamp(3.5rem,8vw,6rem) 0 clamp(3rem,6vw,5rem);}\n.hero::before{content:'';position:absolute;inset:0;background:radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 60% at 70% 50%,rgba(0,142,214,.18) 0%,transparent 60%),radial-gradient(ellipse 40% 80% at 20% 80%,rgba(0,33,71,.6) 0%,transparent 70%);pointer-events:none;}\n.hero__inner{position:relative;z-index:2;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;align-items:center;gap:2rem;}\n.hero__tag{display:inline-block;font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#3DB4F0;background:rgba(0,142,214,.15);border:1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.3);border-radius:4px;padding:.25rem .75rem;margin-bottom:1rem;}\n.hero__title{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:clamp(1.9rem,4.5vw,3.4rem);line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:-.025em;color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:.85rem;}\n.hero__title em{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-style:italic;color:#3DB4F0;}\n.hero__desc{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:clamp(1rem,1.8vw,1.2rem);line-height:1.65;color:#C0C8D4;max-width:620px;margin-bottom:1.75rem;}\n.hero__btns{display:flex;gap:.75rem;flex-wrap:wrap;}\n.hero__stat-band{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:1.5rem;padding:1.5rem;background:rgba(255,255,255,.05);border:1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.2);border-radius:8px;min-width:180px;}\n.hero__stat{text-align:center;}\n.hero__stat-num{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:2rem;font-weight:800;color:#3DB4F0;line-height:1;}\n.hero__stat-lbl{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.7rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#96A0AE;margin-top:.3rem;}\n.hero__stat+.hero__stat{border-top:1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.2);padding-top:1.5rem;}\n.btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.45rem;font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:.88rem;letter-spacing:.02em;padding:.7rem 1.4rem;border-radius:8px;border:2px solid transparent;cursor:pointer;transition:background .2s,color .2s,border-color .2s,transform .15s;text-decoration:none;line-height:1.2;}\n.btn:active{transform:scale(.98);}\n.btn--primary{background:#00659E;color:#FFFFFF !important;border-color:#008ED6;}\n.btn--primary:hover{background:#007ABB;border-color:#007ABB;}\n.btn--outline-white{background:transparent;color:#FFFFFF;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.5);}\n.btn--outline-white:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,.1);border-color:#FFFFFF;}\n.btn--outline-navy{background:transparent;color:#002147;border-color:#002147;}\n.btn--outline-navy:hover{background:#002147;color:#FFFFFF;}\n.sec{padding:clamp(3.5rem,7vw,5.5rem) 0;}\n.sec--off{background:#F3F7FB;}\n.sec--navy{background:#002147;}\n.sec--deep{background:#00152E;}\n.sec--surface{background:#E6EEF6;}\n.sec-eyebrow{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#00629A;display:block;margin-bottom:.6rem;}\n.sec--navy .sec-eyebrow,.sec--deep .sec-eyebrow{color:#3DB4F0;}\n.sec-title{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:clamp(1.7rem,3.2vw,2.6rem);line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.022em;color:#002147;margin-bottom:.75rem;}\n.sec--navy .sec-title,.sec--deep .sec-title{color:#FFFFFF;}\n.sec-body{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1.1rem;color:#4A5060;max-width:680px;line-height:1.75;}\n.sec--navy .sec-body{color:#C0C8D4;}\n.sec-head{margin-bottom:clamp(2rem,3.5vw,3.5rem);}\n.sec-head--center{text-align:center;}\n.sec-head--center .sec-body{margin:0 auto;}\n.about-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:clamp(2rem,4vw,4rem);align-items:start;}\n.about-body p{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1.1rem;color:#4A5060;line-height:1.8;margin-bottom:1.1rem;}\n.about-facts{background:#E6EEF6;border-radius:8px;padding:2rem;}\n.about-facts__title{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.15em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#00629A;margin-bottom:1.25rem;}\n.about-facts dl{display:grid;gap:.85rem;}\n.about-facts dt{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.78rem;font-weight:700;color:#636B78;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;}\n.about-facts dd{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1rem;color:#1C2430;margin-left:0;padding-left:.75rem;border-left:2px solid #008ED6;}\n.tabs__list{display:flex;gap:.25rem;border-bottom:2px solid #C2D4E6;margin-bottom:2rem;flex-wrap:wrap;}\n.tabs__btn{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:.88rem;color:#4A5060;background:none;border:none;padding:.7rem 1.25rem;cursor:pointer;border-bottom:3px solid transparent;margin-bottom:-2px;border-radius:6px 6px 0 0;transition:color .15s,background .15s,border-color .15s;}\n.tabs__btn:hover{color:#002147;background:#E6EEF6;}\n.tabs__btn[aria-selected=\"true\"]{color:#002147;border-bottom-color:#008ED6;background:#F3F7FB;}\n.tabs__panel{display:none;}\n.tabs__panel.is-active{display:block;}\n.program-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(280px,1fr));gap:1rem;}\n.program-card{background:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-radius:8px;padding:1.25rem 1.5rem;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:.85rem;transition:border-color .2s,box-shadow .2s;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;}\n.program-card:hover{border-color:#008ED6;box-shadow:0 4px 20px rgba(0,142,214,.1);}\n.program-card__dot{width:8px;height:8px;border-radius:50%;background:#008ED6;margin-top:.55rem;flex-shrink:0;}\n.program-card__name{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.92rem;font-weight:600;color:#002147;margin-bottom:.2rem;}\n.program-card__level{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#636B78;}\n.accordion{border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;}\n.accordion+.accordion{margin-top:.75rem;}\n.accordion__trigger{width:100%;text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF;border:none;padding:1.1rem 1.5rem;font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:.95rem;color:#002147;cursor:pointer;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:1rem;transition:background .15s;}\n.accordion__trigger:hover{background:#F3F7FB;}\n.accordion__trigger[aria-expanded=\"true\"]{background:#002147;color:#FFFFFF;}\n.accordion__icon{width:20px;height:20px;border-radius:50%;background:#E6EEF6;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:14px;flex-shrink:0;transition:background .15s,transform .3s;}\n.accordion__trigger[aria-expanded=\"true\"] .accordion__icon{background:rgba(255,255,255,.15);color:#FFFFFF;transform:rotate(180deg);}\n.accordion__body{display:none;padding:1.5rem;background:#F3F7FB;border-top:1px solid #C2D4E6;font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1.05rem;color:#4A5060;line-height:1.75;}\n.accordion__body.is-open{display:block;}\n.accordion__body p+p{margin-top:.85rem;}\n.accordion__body ul{list-style:disc;padding-left:1.5rem;margin-top:.75rem;}\n.accordion__body li{margin-bottom:.35rem;}\n.faculty-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(260px,1fr));gap:1.25rem;}\n.faculty-card{background:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-radius:8px;padding:1.5rem;}\n.faculty-card__name{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:1rem;color:#002147;margin-bottom:.2rem;}\n.faculty-card__title{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.8rem;color:#00629A;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:.5rem;}\n.faculty-card__contact{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.78rem;color:#636B78;}\n.faculty-card__contact a{color:#00629A;text-decoration:underline;}\n.cta-band{background:#00152E;padding:clamp(3rem,6vw,5rem) 0;}\n.cta-band__inner{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:2rem;flex-wrap:wrap;}\n.cta-band__title{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:clamp(1.5rem,3vw,2.2rem);color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.15;margin-bottom:.5rem;}\n.cta-band__sub{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1.1rem;color:#C0C8D4;}\n.cta-band__btns{display:flex;gap:.75rem;flex-wrap:wrap;flex-shrink:0;}\n.contact-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:3rem;align-items:start;}\n.contact-info__title{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:1.2rem;color:#002147;margin-bottom:1.25rem;}\n.contact-item{display:flex;gap:.85rem;align-items:flex-start;margin-bottom:1.1rem;}\n.contact-icon{font-size:1.3rem;line-height:1;margin-top:.1rem;flex-shrink:0;}\n.contact-item__label{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#636B78;margin-bottom:.15rem;}\n.contact-item__val{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1rem;color:#1C2430;}\n.contact-item__val a{color:#00629A;text-decoration:underline;}\n.form-group{margin-bottom:1.25rem;}\n.form-label{display:block;font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:.85rem;color:#1C2430;margin-bottom:.4rem;}\n.required{color:#C62828;}\n.form-control{display:block;width:100%;font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1rem;color:#1C2430;background:#FFFFFF;border:1.5px solid #C2D4E6;border-radius:8px;padding:.65rem .9rem;transition:border-color .2s;}\n.form-control:focus{outline:none;border-color:#008ED6;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(0,142,214,.15);}\ntextarea.form-control{min-height:120px;resize:vertical;}\n.form-control.is-error{border-color:#C62828;}\n.form-error{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.8rem;color:#C62828;margin-top:.3rem;display:none;}\n.form-error.is-visible{display:block;}\n.form-status{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.9rem;padding:.85rem 1.1rem;border-radius:8px;margin-bottom:1rem;display:none;}\n.form-status.is-ok{display:block;background:#F0FFF1;color:#2E7D32;border:1px solid #a5d6a7;}\n.form-status.is-err{display:block;background:#FFF0F0;color:#C62828;border:1px solid #ef9a9a;}\n.site-footer{background:#00152E;padding:clamp(3rem,6vw,5rem) 0 2rem;}\n.footer__grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.5fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:2.5rem;margin-bottom:3rem;}\n.footer__brand-name{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:1.1rem;color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:.35rem;}\n.footer__brand-sub{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.82rem;color:#C0C8D4;margin-bottom:.85rem;}\n.footer__brand-contact{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:.95rem;color:#96A0AE;line-height:1.8;}\n.footer__brand-contact a{color:#3DB4F0;text-decoration:underline;}\n.footer__col-title{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.7rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.15em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#96A0AE;margin-bottom:.85rem;}\n.site-footer nav ul{display:grid;gap:.5rem;}\n.site-footer nav a{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.85rem;color:#C0C8D4;transition:color .15s;}\n.site-footer nav a:hover{color:#FFFFFF;}\n.footer__legal{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08);padding-top:1.5rem;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1rem;}\n.footer__legal p{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.78rem;color:#96A0AE;}\n.footer__legal-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1rem;}\n.footer__legal-links a{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.78rem;color:#96A0AE;text-decoration:underline;}\n.footer__legal-links a:hover{color:#FFFFFF;}\n.fnav-toggle{position:fixed;right:0;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%) translateX(0);z-index:500;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:.25rem;background:#002147;color:#FFFFFF;border:none;border-radius:6px 0 0 6px;padding:.9rem .55rem;cursor:pointer;box-shadow:-2px 0 12px rgba(0,21,46,.35);opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transform:translateY(-50%) translateX(100%);transition:opacity .3s ease,visibility .3s ease,transform .3s ease,background .15s;}.fnav-toggle.is-visible{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transform:translateY(-50%) translateX(0);}.fnav-toggle:hover{background:#007ABB;}.fnav-toggle__icon{font-size:1rem;line-height:1;display:block;}.fnav-toggle__label{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.55rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.15em;text-transform:uppercase;writing-mode:vertical-rl;text-orientation:mixed;transform:rotate(180deg);margin-top:.3rem;color:#FFFFFF;}\n.fnav-overlay{position:fixed;inset:0;background:rgba(0,21,46,.55);z-index:600;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:opacity .3s,visibility .3s;}\n.fnav-overlay.is-open{opacity:1;visibility:visible;}\n.fnav-drawer{position:fixed;top:0;right:-340px;width:320px;max-width:90vw;height:100%;background:#FFFFFF;z-index:700;display:flex;flex-direction:column;box-shadow:-4px 0 40px rgba(0,21,46,.25);transition:right .35s cubic-bezier(0.22,1,0.36,1);}\n.fnav-drawer.is-open{right:0;}\n.fnav-drawer__header{background:#002147;padding:1.25rem 1.5rem;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;flex-shrink:0;}\n.fnav-drawer__eyebrow{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.65rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.15em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#3DB4F0;display:block;margin-bottom:.2rem;}\n.fnav-drawer__title{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.95rem;font-weight:700;color:#FFFFFF;display:block;}\n.fnav-close{background:rgba(255,255,255,.1);border:none;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:1.4rem;width:32px;height:32px;border-radius:50%;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0;transition:background .15s;}\n.fnav-close:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,.2);}\n.fnav-drawer__body{flex:1;overflow-y:auto;padding:1.5rem;}\n.fnav-group__label{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.65rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.15em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#636B78;display:block;margin-bottom:.75rem;}\n.fnav-group__items{display:grid;gap:.2rem;}\n.fnav-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.75rem;padding:.65rem .75rem;border-radius:8px;font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:500;color:#4A5060;transition:background .15s,color .15s;}\n.fnav-item:hover{background:#E6EEF6;color:#002147;}\n.fnav-item.is-active{background:#EBF6FD;color:#00629A;font-weight:600;}\n.fnav-item__dot{width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:50%;background:#C2D4E6;flex-shrink:0;transition:background .15s;}\n.fnav-item.is-active .fnav-item__dot{background:#008ED6;}\n.fnav-drawer__footer{color:#FFFFFF !important;border-top:1px solid #C2D4E6;padding:1rem 1.5rem;flex-shrink:0;}\n.fnav-footer-link{color:#FFFFFF !important;text-decoration:none;font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:600;color:#00629A;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px;}\n.jsu-btt{position:fixed;bottom:28px;right:28px;z-index:900;background:#008ED6;border:none;border-radius:50%;width:44px;height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:pointer;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:22px;line-height:1;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transform:translateY(10px);transition:opacity .25s,visibility .25s,transform .25s,background .15s;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(0,142,214,.35);}\n.jsu-btt.is-visible{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transform:translateY(0);}\n.jsu-btt:hover{background:#007ABB;}\n.jsu-btt:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #5BAADC;outline-offset:3px;}\n.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0;color:#1C2430;background:#FFFFFF;}\n.resource-list{display:grid;gap:.75rem;}\n.resource-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem;padding:1rem 1.25rem;background:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-radius:8px;transition:border-color .2s;}\n.resource-item:hover{border-color:#008ED6;}\n.resource-icon{font-size:1.5rem;flex-shrink:0;}\n.resource-item__name{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:.92rem;color:#002147;}\n.resource-item__desc{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:.9rem;color:#636B78;}\n.resource-item__link{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600;color:#00629A;text-decoration:underline;margin-left:auto;white-space:nowrap;flex-shrink:0;}\n@media(max-width:900px){.about-grid,.contact-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}.footer__grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;}.hero__inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;}.hero__stat-band{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;min-width:0;}}\n@media(max-width:600px){.footer__grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}.cta-band__inner{flex-direction:column;}}\n\n    .contact-items{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:2.5rem;margin-top:0;}\n    .contact-item{display:flex;gap:.85rem;align-items:flex-start;min-width:220px;}\n    .contact-icon{font-size:1.3rem;line-height:1;margin-top:.1rem;flex-shrink:0;}\n    .contact-item__label{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#636B78;margin-bottom:.15rem;}\n    .contact-item__val{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1rem;color:#1C2430;}\n    .contact-item__val a{color:#00629A;text-decoration:underline;}\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n   ELEMENTOR CONTAINMENT RESETS\n   Prevents Elementor wrapper styles from bleeding into our\n   custom HTML content blocks.\n\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n\n\/* Zero out all padding\/margin\/gap\/background on every Elementor wrapper *\/\n.elementor-widget-container,\n.elementor-widget-wrap,\n.elementor-widget-wrap > .elementor-element,\n.elementor-section .elementor-container,\n.elementor-section .elementor-row,\n.e-con,\n.e-con-inner,\n.e-child,\n.e-con > .e-con-inner {\n    padding: 0 !important;\n    margin: 0 !important;\n    gap: 0 !important;\n    background: transparent !important;\n    background-color: transparent !important;\n    background-image: none !important;\n    border: none !important;\n    box-shadow: none !important;\n    max-width: none !important;\n    width: 100% !important;\n}\n\n\/* Section-level Elementor wrappers *\/\n.elementor-section,\n.elementor-top-section,\n.elementor-inner-section {\n    padding: 0 !important;\n    margin: 0 !important;\n    background: transparent !important;\n    background-color: transparent !important;\n    background-image: none !important;\n}\n\n\/* Strip Elementor heading color overrides *\/\n.elementor-widget-container h1,\n.elementor-widget-container h2,\n.elementor-widget-container h3,\n.elementor-widget-container h4,\n.elementor-widget-container h5,\n.elementor-widget-container p,\n.elementor-widget-container a {\n    color: inherit !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Dark section hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n   .hero and .cta-band.dk MUST stay dark regardless of\n   Elementor theme color injection.\n\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.hero,\n.hero * {\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.hero__inner {\n    justify-items: center !important;\n    text-align: center !important;\n}\n.hero__inner > div {\n    display: flex !important;\n    flex-direction: column !important;\n    align-items: center !important;\n    text-align: center !important;\n    max-width: 780px !important;\n    margin: 0 auto !important;\n}\n.hero__btns {\n    justify-content: center !important;\n}\n.hero__desc {\n    max-width: 640px !important;\n    margin-left: auto !important;\n    margin-right: auto !important;\n}\n.hero__tag {\n    display: inline-block !important;\n}\n.hero {\n    background-color: #00152E !important;\n    background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #00152E 0%, #002147 60%, #003366 100%) !important;\n    position: relative !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk {\n    background-color: #002147 !important;\n    background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #00152E 0%, #002147 100%) !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk * {\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk .btn--primary {\n    background-color: #00659E !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk .btn--outline-white {\n    border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6) !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Section background hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.sec {\n    background-color: #FFFFFF !important;\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n.sec--off {\n    background-color: #F3F7FB !important;\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n.sec--surface {\n    background-color: #E6EEF6 !important;\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Text color hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.sec .sec-title,\n.sec .sec-eyebrow,\n.sec h2,\n.sec h3 {\n    color: #002147 !important;\n}\n.sec p,\n.sec li,\n.sec dd,\n.sec dt {\n    color: #4A5060;\n}\n.sec a {\n    color: #00629A;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 About section hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.about-facts {\n    background: #E6EEF6 !important;\n    border-radius: 8px !important;\n    padding: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.5rem) !important;\n}\n.about-facts__title {\n    color: #00629A !important;\n    font-weight: 700 !important;\n}\n.about-facts dl dt {\n    color: #636B78 !important;\n    text-transform: uppercase !important;\n    font-size: .72rem !important;\n    letter-spacing: .08em !important;\n    font-weight: 700 !important;\n}\n.about-facts dl dd {\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n    font-size: .97rem !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Card hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.card {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n    border-radius: 8px !important;\n}\n.card__eyebrow { color: #00629A !important; }\n.card__title   { color: #002147 !important; }\n.card__text    { color: #4A5060 !important; }\n.card__link    { color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Faculty card hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.faculty-card {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n    border-radius: 8px !important;\n}\n.faculty-card__name  { color: #002147 !important; }\n.faculty-card__title { color: #636B78 !important; }\n.faculty-card__contact, \n.faculty-card__contact a { color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Resource list hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.resource-item {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n    border-bottom-color: #C2D4E6 !important;\n}\n.resource-item__name { color: #002147 !important; }\n.resource-item__desc { color: #4A5060 !important; }\n.resource-item__link { color: #00629A !important; border-color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Program card hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.program-card {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n    border-radius: 8px !important;\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n.program-card__name  { color: #002147 !important; }\n.program-card__level { color: #636B78 !important; }\n.program-card__dot   { background: #008ED6 !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Tab hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.tabs__btn {\n    background: transparent !important;\n    color: #002147 !important;\n    border-color: #C2D4E6 !important;\n}\n.tabs__btn[aria-selected=\"true\"] {\n    background: #002147 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border-color: #002147 !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Accordion hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.accordion__trigger {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    color: #002147 !important;\n    border-color: #C2D4E6 !important;\n}\n.accordion__trigger[aria-expanded=\"true\"] {\n    background: #002147 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.accordion__body { \n    background: #FFFFFF !important; \n    color: #4A5060 !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Nav drawer hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.fnav-drawer {\n    background: #002147 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.fnav-drawer__header {\n    background: #00152E !important;\n    border-bottom-color: rgba(0,142,214,0.3) !important;\n}\n.fnav-drawer__title { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.fnav-drawer__eyebrow { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n.fnav-item { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85) !important; }\n.fnav-item.is-active,\n.fnav-item:hover { color: #FFFFFF !important; background: rgba(0,142,214,0.2) !important; }\n.fnav-group__label { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n.fnav-drawer__footer { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.fnav-footer-link { color: #FFFFFF !important; text-decoration: none; }\n.fnav-footer-link:hover { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Hero text hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.hero__tag     { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n.hero__title   { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.hero__desc    { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85) !important; }\n.hero__btns .btn--primary       { background-color: #00659E !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.hero__btns .btn--outline-white { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6) !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Breadcrumb hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.breadcrumb { background: #002147 !important; }\n.breadcrumb a, .breadcrumb span { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75) !important; }\n.breadcrumb [aria-current=\"page\"] { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Contact section hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.contact-items { color: #1C2430 !important; }\n.contact-item__label { color: #636B78 !important; }\n.contact-item__val   { color: #1C2430 !important; }\n.contact-item__val a { color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Skip link \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.skip-link:focus {\n    background: #008ED6 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 BTT button \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.jsu-btt {\n    background: #00659E !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Menu toggle \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.fnav-toggle {\n    background: #002147 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.fnav-toggle:hover { background: #007ABB !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 WCAG: Ensure minimum contrast on all body text \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\nbody { \n    background-color: #FFFFFF !important; \n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 TICKER STRIP \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.ticker-wrap{\n    background:#00152E;\n    border-top:1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.25);\n    border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.25);\n    overflow:hidden;\n    padding:.55rem 0;\n    position:relative;\n}\n.ticker-wrap::before,\n.ticker-wrap::after{\n    content:'';\n    position:absolute;\n    top:0;bottom:0;\n    width:80px;\n    z-index:2;\n    pointer-events:none;\n}\n.ticker-wrap::before{\n    left:0;\n    background:linear-gradient(to right,#00152E,transparent);\n}\n.ticker-wrap::after{\n    right:0;\n    background:linear-gradient(to left,#00152E,transparent);\n}\n.ticker-label{\n    position:absolute;\n    left:0;top:50%;\n    transform:translateY(-50%);\n    background:#008ED6;\n    color:#FFFFFF;\n    font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size:.65rem;\n    font-weight:700;\n    letter-spacing:.12em;\n    text-transform:uppercase;\n    padding:.35rem .75rem;\n    z-index:3;\n    white-space:nowrap;\n}\n.ticker-track{\n    display:flex;\n    align-items:center;\n    gap:0;\n    width:max-content;\n    animation:ticker-scroll 40s linear infinite;\n    padding-left:160px;\n}\n.ticker-track:hover{animation-play-state:paused;}\n.ticker-item{\n    display:inline-flex;\n    align-items:center;\n    gap:.5rem;\n    white-space:nowrap;\n    padding:0 1.5rem;\n    font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size:.78rem;\n    font-weight:500;\n    color:rgba(255,255,255,.75);\n    transition:color .2s;\n    text-decoration:none;\n}\n.ticker-item:hover{color:#3DB4F0;}\n.ticker-item::before{\n    content:'';\n    display:inline-block;\n    width:4px;height:4px;\n    border-radius:50%;\n    background:#008ED6;\n    flex-shrink:0;\n}\n@keyframes ticker-scroll{\n    0%{transform:translateX(0);}\n    100%{transform:translateX(-50%);}\n}\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){\n    .ticker-track{animation:none;overflow-x:auto;}\n}\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 HERO CENTERING \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.hero__inner{\n    justify-items:center;\n    text-align:center;\n}\n.hero__inner > div{\n    display:flex;\n    flex-direction:column;\n    align-items:center;\n    text-align:center;\n    max-width:780px;\n    margin:0 auto;\n}\n.hero__desc{\n    max-width:640px;\n    margin-left:auto;\n    margin-right:auto;\n}\n.hero__btns{\n    justify-content:center;\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Visually hidden elements \u2014 explicit colors for accessibility checkers \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.sr-only,\n.visually-hidden {\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n    background-color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Screen-reader-only toggle label \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.fnav-toggle__label {\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Skip link always has explicit colors \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.skip-link {\n    background-color: #00659E !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Breadcrumb: sit flush below global header \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\nbody {\n    padding-top: 65px !important;\n    background-color: #002147 !important;\n}\n.breadcrumb {\n    margin-top: 0 !important;\n    scroll-margin-top: 65px !important;\n}\n#main-content {\n    scroll-margin-top: 65px !important;\n}\n.admin-bar body { padding-top: 97px !important; }\n.admin-bar .breadcrumb { scroll-margin-top: 97px !important; }\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Hero: full viewport height \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.hero {\n    min-height: 100vh !important;\n    height: 100vh !important;\n    display: flex !important;\n    align-items: center !important;\n    justify-content: center !important;\n    padding: 0 !important;\n    position: relative !important;\n}\n.hero__inner {\n    justify-items: center !important;\n    text-align: center !important;\n    padding: clamp(2rem, 4vh, 5rem) 0 !important;\n    width: 100% !important;\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n   JSU GLOBAL NAVIGATION \u2014 matches jsums.edu exactly\n\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.jsu-global-nav {\n    position: fixed;\n    top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;\n    z-index: 1000;\n    background: #002147;\n    box-shadow: 0 2px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.35);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__top {\n    background: #00152E;\n    padding: .3rem 0;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.2);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__top-inner {\n    max-width: 1340px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    padding: 0 clamp(1.25rem,4vw,3rem);\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: space-between;\n    gap: 1rem;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__util-links {\n    display: flex;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n    gap: .15rem .75rem;\n    list-style: none;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__util-links a {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .68rem;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.65);\n    text-decoration: none;\n    letter-spacing: .02em;\n    transition: color .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__util-links a:hover { color: #3DB4F0; }\n.jsu-global-nav__ctas {\n    display: flex;\n    gap: .4rem;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .72rem;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    letter-spacing: .05em;\n    text-decoration: none;\n    padding: .3rem .85rem;\n    border-radius: 4px;\n    transition: background .15s, color .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--apply {\n    background: #00659E;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--apply:hover { background: #007ABB; }\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--visit {\n    background: transparent;\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.8);\n    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--visit:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.08); color: #FFFFFF; }\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--give {\n    background: #3DB4F0;\n    color: #002147;\n    font-weight: 800;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--give:hover { background: #6DC8F5; }\n\n.jsu-global-nav__main {\n    max-width: 1340px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    padding: 0 clamp(1.25rem,4vw,3rem);\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: space-between;\n    height: 64px;\n    gap: 1.5rem;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: .65rem;\n    text-decoration: none;\n    flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-mark {\n    width: 44px;\n    height: 44px;\n    border-radius: 6px;\n    background: #FFFFFF;\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: center;\n    flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-mark span {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-weight: 900;\n    font-size: 1.05rem;\n    color: #002147;\n    letter-spacing: -.03em;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-text { line-height: 1.15; }\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-text strong {\n    display: block;\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-weight: 800;\n    font-size: .88rem;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    letter-spacing: .01em;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-text span {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .62rem;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    letter-spacing: .14em;\n    text-transform: uppercase;\n    color: #3DB4F0;\n}\n\n.jsu-global-nav__menu {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 0;\n    list-style: none;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li {\n    position: relative;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > a,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > button {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: .3rem;\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .82rem;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.85);\n    text-decoration: none;\n    padding: .55rem .75rem;\n    border-radius: 6px;\n    background: none;\n    border: none;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    transition: color .15s, background .15s;\n    white-space: nowrap;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > a:hover,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > button:hover {\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    background: rgba(255,255,255,.08);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > a::after,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > button.has-sub::after {\n    content: '';\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 0; height: 0;\n    border-left: 4px solid transparent;\n    border-right: 4px solid transparent;\n    border-top: 4px solid currentColor;\n    opacity: .6;\n    margin-left: .2rem;\n    transition: transform .2s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:hover > button.has-sub::after,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:focus-within > button.has-sub::after {\n    transform: rotate(180deg);\n}\n\n\/* Dropdowns *\/\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown {\n    position: absolute;\n    top: calc(100% + 4px);\n    left: 0;\n    min-width: 220px;\n    background: #001736;\n    border: 1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.25);\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,.4);\n    padding: .5rem 0;\n    opacity: 0;\n    visibility: hidden;\n    transform: translateY(-8px);\n    transition: opacity .2s, visibility .2s, transform .2s;\n    z-index: 100;\n    list-style: none;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:hover .jsu-global-nav__dropdown,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:focus-within .jsu-global-nav__dropdown {\n    opacity: 1;\n    visibility: visible;\n    transform: translateY(0);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown a {\n    display: block;\n    padding: .5rem 1.1rem;\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .82rem;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.8);\n    text-decoration: none;\n    transition: color .15s, background .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown a:hover {\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    background: rgba(0,142,214,.15);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown .drop-group-label {\n    display: block;\n    padding: .65rem 1.1rem .25rem;\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .65rem;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    letter-spacing: .12em;\n    text-transform: uppercase;\n    color: #3DB4F0;\n    border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.2);\n    margin-top: .35rem;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown .drop-group-label:first-child {\n    border-top: none;\n    margin-top: 0;\n}\n\n\/* Mobile menu toggle *\/\n.jsu-global-nav__mob-btn {\n    display: none;\n    background: none;\n    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);\n    border-radius: 6px;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    padding: .45rem .65rem;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 1.15rem;\n    line-height: 1;\n    transition: background .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__mob-btn:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); }\n\n\/* Page body offset for fixed nav *\/\nbody { padding-top: 0 !important; }\n.breadcrumb {\n    margin-top: 54px !important; }\n.admin-bar .breadcrumb {\n    margin-top: 46px !important; }\n#main-content { scroll-margin-top: 104px !important; }\n\n\/* Sections scroll past nav *\/\n[id] { scroll-margin-top: 104px; }\n\n@media(max-width: 1024px) {\n    .jsu-global-nav__menu { display: none; }\n    .jsu-global-nav__mob-btn { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }\n}\n@media(max-width: 600px) {\n    .jsu-global-nav__logo-text { display: none; }\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550 PDF \/ Document Inline Viewer \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.doc-embed-wrap {\n    margin: 1.25rem 0;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6;\n    border-radius: 10px;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    background: #F3F7FB;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: space-between;\n    padding: .6rem 1rem;\n    background: #002147;\n    gap: .75rem;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__title {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .82rem;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    flex: 1;\n    min-width: 0;\n    white-space: nowrap;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    text-overflow: ellipsis;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__actions {\n    display: flex;\n    gap: .4rem;\n    flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .72rem;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    letter-spacing: .04em;\n    padding: .3rem .75rem;\n    border-radius: 5px;\n    text-decoration: none;\n    transition: background .15s, color .15s;\n    white-space: nowrap;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn--view {\n    background: #00659E;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    border: 1px solid #008ED6;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn--view:hover { background: #007ABB; }\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn--dl {\n    background: rgba(255,255,255,.12);\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.9);\n    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn--dl:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.2); color: #FFFFFF; }\n.doc-embed-frame {\n    width: 100%;\n    height: 560px;\n    border: none;\n    display: block;\n    background: #FFFFFF;\n}\n@media(max-width:600px){ .doc-embed-frame { height: 380px; } }\n\n\n.pdf-embed-wrap{border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 2px 16px rgba(0,21,46,.1);margin:1.5rem 0;}\n.pdf-embed-header{background:#002147;padding:.75rem 1.25rem;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;flex-wrap:wrap;}\n.pdf-embed-title{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:.88rem;color:#FFFFFF;}\n.pdf-embed-actions{display:flex;gap:.5rem;flex-wrap:wrap;}\n.pdf-btn{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:600;padding:.35rem .85rem;border-radius:4px;text-decoration:none;transition:background .15s;white-space:nowrap;}\n.pdf-btn--view{background:rgba(255,255,255,.15);color:#FFFFFF;}\n.pdf-btn--view:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,.25);}\n.pdf-btn--dl{background:#00659E;color:#FFFFFF;}\n.pdf-btn--dl:hover{background:#007ABB;}\n.pdf-embed-frame{display:block;background:#F3F7FB;width:100%;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-radius:0 0 8px 8px;}\n\n<\/style>\n<style>\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Page-scoped fixes for missing cards layout in base template \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.cards-grid {\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));\n  gap: 1.5rem;\n}\n.card {\n  position: relative;\n  overflow: hidden;\n  display: flex;\n  flex-direction: column;\n  transition: border-color .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, transform .25s ease !important;\n}\n.card::before {\n  content: \"\";\n  position: absolute;\n  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;\n  height: 4px;\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #00629A 0%, #008ED6 100%);\n  opacity: .9;\n}\n.card:hover {\n  border-color: #008ED6 !important;\n  box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(0, 33, 71, .10) !important;\n  transform: translateY(-3px);\n}\na.card { text-decoration: none; color: inherit; }\n.card__body {\n  padding: 1.85rem 1.65rem 1.65rem;\n  flex: 1;\n}\n.card__eyebrow {\n  font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n  font-size: .68rem;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  letter-spacing: .14em;\n  text-transform: uppercase;\n  margin-bottom: .75rem;\n  display: block;\n  color: #00629A;\n}\n.card__title {\n  font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n  font-size: 1.35rem;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  line-height: 1.25;\n  margin-bottom: .9rem;\n  display: block;\n  color: #002147;\n}\n.card__text {\n  font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif;\n  font-size: 1rem;\n  line-height: 1.65;\n  display: block;\n  color: #4A5060;\n}\na.card--action .card__title {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: .65rem;\n  font-size: 1.25rem;\n}\na.card--action .card__title::after {\n  content: \"\\2192\";\n  color: #00629A;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  margin-left: auto;\n  font-size: 1.35rem;\n  transition: transform .2s ease;\n}\na.card--action:hover .card__title::after {\n  transform: translateX(4px);\n}\n\/* Coordinator card \u2014 for named graduation coordinators with role tag *\/\n.coord-card {\n  background: #FFFFFF;\n  border: 1px solid #C2D4E6;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 1.65rem 1.5rem 1.5rem;\n  display: flex;\n  gap: 1.1rem;\n  align-items: flex-start;\n}\n.coord-card__avatar {\n  flex-shrink: 0;\n  width: 3.25rem;\n  height: 3.25rem;\n  border-radius: 50%;\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #002147 0%, #00629A 100%);\n  color: #FFFFFF;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: center;\n  font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  font-size: 1.05rem;\n}\n.coord-card__body { flex: 1; }\n.coord-card__name {\n  font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  font-size: 1.1rem;\n  color: #002147;\n  margin: 0 0 .25rem;\n}\n.coord-card__role {\n  font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n  font-size: .72rem;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  text-transform: uppercase;\n  letter-spacing: .1em;\n  color: #00629A;\n  margin: 0 0 .65rem;\n}\n.coord-card__note {\n  font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif;\n  font-size: 1rem;\n  line-height: 1.55;\n  color: #4A5060;\n  margin: 0;\n}\n\/* Pull tagline used as hero subline *\/\n.tagline-quote {\n  background: #002147;\n  color: #FFFFFF;\n  padding: 1.5rem 1.75rem;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  margin-top: 1.5rem;\n  text-align: center;\n}\n.tagline-quote__text {\n  font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif;\n  font-style: italic;\n  font-size: 1.2rem;\n  margin: 0 0 .35rem;\n  color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.tagline-quote__attr {\n  font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n  font-size: .75rem;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  text-transform: uppercase;\n  letter-spacing: .12em;\n  color: #6DC8F5;\n}\n@media (max-width: 720px) {\n  .cards-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1rem; }\n  .card__body { padding: 1.5rem 1.35rem 1.35rem; }\n  .card__title { font-size: 1.2rem; }\n  .coord-card { padding: 1.35rem 1.25rem 1.25rem; }\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<a href=\"#main-content\" class=\"skip-link\">Skip to main content<\/a>\n\n<nav class=\"breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n<div class=\"w\"><ol class=\"breadcrumb__list\">\n  <li><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/\">JSU Home<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/cset\/\">College of Science, Engineering &amp; Technology<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><span aria-current=\"page\">Department of Biology<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<\/nav>\n\n<main id=\"main-content\" class=\"jsu-main-content\">\n\n  <!-- HERO -->\n  <section class=\"hero dk\" aria-labelledby=\"hero-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\"><div class=\"hero__inner\"><div>\n    <span class=\"hero__tag\">College of Science, Engineering, and Technology \u00b7 Department of Biology<\/span>\n    <h1 class=\"hero__title\" id=\"hero-h\">\n      Biology for <em>life, health &amp; cure<\/em>\n    <\/h1>\n    <p class=\"hero__desc\">\n      An exciting discipline at the foundation of life sciences \u2014 Biology at Jackson State\n      prepares students for careers in basic science research, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy,\n      biotechnology, environmental and marine sciences, and many health-related professions.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"hero__btns\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/apply\/\" class=\"btn btn--primary\">Apply Now<\/a>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/futuretiger.jsums.edu\/tourpicker.asp\" class=\"btn btn--outline-white\" aria-label=\"Visit JSU \u2014 schedule a campus tour\">Visit JSU<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- ABOUT -->\n  <section class=\"sec\" id=\"about\" aria-labelledby=\"about-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"about-grid\">\n      <div class=\"about-body\">\n        <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">About the Department<\/span>\n        <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"about-h\">An integral part of CSET<\/h2>\n        <p>\n          The Department of Biology is an integral component of the vibrant and esteemed College of\n          Science, Engineering and Technology at Jackson State University \u2014 the urban\n          university of Mississippi.\n        <\/p>\n        <p>\n          Biology is the basic science of life and the foundation of life-science studies.\n          Biological sciences study programs and preparations are integral to specific health\n          professions and careers. Courses in Biology serve as stepping stones for students\n          preparing for careers in basic science research, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy,\n          biotechnology, environmental and marine sciences, and many health-related professions.\n        <\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"about-facts\">\n        <dl>\n          <div><dt>Department<\/dt><dd>Biology<\/dd><\/div>\n          <div><dt>College<\/dt><dd><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/cset\/\">Science, Engineering &amp; Technology<\/a><\/dd><\/div>\n          <div><dt>Programs<\/dt><dd>Undergraduate \u00b7 Graduate<\/dd><\/div>\n          <div><dt>Location<\/dt><dd>John A. Peoples Science Building, Room 335<\/dd><\/div>\n          <div><dt>Phone<\/dt><dd><a href=\"tel:+16019792586\">(601) 979-2586<\/a><\/dd><\/div>\n          <div><dt>Email<\/dt><dd><a href=\"mailto:biologydept@jsums.edu\">biologydept@jsums.edu<\/a><\/dd><\/div>\n        <\/dl>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- OUR APPROACH -->\n  <section class=\"sec sec--off\" id=\"approach\" aria-labelledby=\"approach-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"about-grid\">\n      <div class=\"about-body\">\n        <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">About the Program<\/span>\n        <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"approach-h\">From molecular structures to whole ecosystems<\/h2>\n        <p>\n          Students gain a diverse education in biology, learning to work from molecular structures\n          in the lab to ecosystems in the outdoors. The Department has a cadre of highly qualified\n          and committed faculty and staff providing \"deep quality\" education and training in\n          Biology and Biology-related disciplines.\n        <\/p>\n        <p>\n          In consonance with the goals of the College of Science, Engineering &amp; Technology\n          (CSET) and the University, the Department is committed to a higher level of excellence in\n          the quality, diversity, and significance of its curriculum and programs of study. The\n          overarching goal is to prepare students for careers in basic sciences, medical and\n          biomedical sciences, biotechnology, bioinformatics, marine and environmental sciences,\n          public health, and other health professions.\n        <\/p>\n        <p>\n          <strong>Learn by doing.<\/strong> Time will be spent collecting and analyzing data or\n          running experiments using state-of-the-art equipment \u2014 not solely sitting at desks.\n        <\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"about-facts\">\n        <dl>\n          <div><dt>Education Range<\/dt><dd>Molecular to ecosystem scale<\/dd><\/div>\n          <div><dt>Approach<\/dt><dd>Deep quality education and training<\/dd><\/div>\n          <div><dt>Equipment<\/dt><dd>State-of-the-art laboratory tools<\/dd><\/div>\n          <div><dt>Career Prep<\/dt><dd>Biomedical \u00b7 biotechnology \u00b7 marine \u00b7 environmental \u00b7 health<\/dd><\/div>\n        <\/dl>\n        <div class=\"tagline-quote\">\n          <p class=\"tagline-quote__text\">\u201cBiology for Life, Health and Cure.\u201d<\/p>\n          <span class=\"tagline-quote__attr\">Department of Biology<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- STUDENT OUTCOMES -->\n  <section class=\"sec\" id=\"outcomes\" aria-labelledby=\"outcomes-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Apply Your Knowledge<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"outcomes-h\">What our graduates leave with<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"sec-body\">\n        After completing the program, students understand basic biological principles, think\n        logically and communicate clearly within the field and to other researchers, become\n        conscious of social problems relevant to life sciences, and are prepared for careers in:\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"program-list\">\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Life sciences research<\/div>\n        <div class=\"program-card__level\">Laboratory science, research roles in academia or industry<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Teaching<\/div>\n        <div class=\"program-card__level\">Biology educator and instructor pathways<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Graduate studies<\/div>\n        <div class=\"program-card__level\">Master's, doctoral, and professional programs<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Medicine &amp; dentistry<\/div>\n        <div class=\"program-card__level\">Medical and dental school preparation<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Veterinary medicine<\/div>\n        <div class=\"program-card__level\">Veterinary school preparation<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Pharmacy &amp; optometry<\/div>\n        <div class=\"program-card__level\">Pre-professional pathways for health sciences<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Physical therapy &amp; dental hygiene<\/div>\n        <div class=\"program-card__level\">Therapy and hygiene professional preparation<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Medical technology &amp; nursing<\/div>\n        <div class=\"program-card__level\">Allied health pathways including medical records administration<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- CURRICULUM -->\n  <section class=\"sec sec--off\" id=\"curriculum\" aria-labelledby=\"curriculum-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Curriculum<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"curriculum-h\">Undergraduate &amp; graduate programs<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"sec-body\">\n        Two structured curriculum paths \u2014 an undergraduate program built around foundational\n        biology and a graduate program for advanced research and specialization.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"cards-grid\">\n\n      <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/undergraduate-program-objectives-overview\/#a\">\n      <div class=\"card__body\">\n        <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">Undergraduate<\/div>\n        <div class=\"card__title\">Undergraduate Curriculum<\/div>\n        <div class=\"card__text\">\n          The undergraduate Biology curriculum \u2014 program objectives, course sequences, and\n          general requirements for the BS in Biology.\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n\n      <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/graduate-curriculum\/#c\">\n      <div class=\"card__body\">\n        <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">Graduate<\/div>\n        <div class=\"card__title\">Graduate Curriculum<\/div>\n        <div class=\"card__text\">\n          The graduate Biology curriculum \u2014 research-focused training across specializations\n          within the life sciences.\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"display:flex;gap:.75rem;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:2rem;\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/\" class=\"btn btn--primary\">Prospective Students<\/a>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/biology-minor-requirements-2\/\" class=\"btn btn--outline-navy\">Biology Minor<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- GRADUATION COORDINATORS -->\n  <section class=\"sec\" id=\"coordinators\" aria-labelledby=\"coordinators-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Graduation Information<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"coordinators-h\">Graduation coordinators<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"sec-body\">\n        Students applying for graduation contact the appropriate coordinator below based on\n        program level.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"cards-grid\">\n\n      <div class=\"coord-card\">\n        <div class=\"coord-card__avatar\" aria-hidden=\"true\">LD<\/div>\n        <div class=\"coord-card__body\">\n          <h3 class=\"coord-card__name\">Dr. LaDonnya Drummond<\/h3>\n          <p class=\"coord-card__role\">Undergraduate Students<\/p>\n          <p class=\"coord-card__note\">Biology Academic Advisement Coordinator \u2014 undergraduate students contact Dr. Drummond to apply for graduation.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"coord-card\">\n        <div class=\"coord-card__avatar\" aria-hidden=\"true\">CH<\/div>\n        <div class=\"coord-card__body\">\n          <h3 class=\"coord-card__name\">Dr. Carolyn Howard<\/h3>\n          <p class=\"coord-card__role\">Graduate Students<\/p>\n          <p class=\"coord-card__note\">Biology Graduate Coordinator \u2014 graduate students contact Dr. Howard to apply for graduation.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n    <p style=\"font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;color:#636B78;font-size:.95rem;margin-top:1.25rem;\">\n      For coordinator office hours and direct contact, call the department at\n      <a href=\"tel:+16019792586\">(601) 979-2586<\/a> or email\n      <a href=\"mailto:biologydept@jsums.edu\">biologydept@jsums.edu<\/a>.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- CAREER OPPORTUNITIES -->\n  <section class=\"sec sec--off\" id=\"careers\" aria-labelledby=\"careers-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Career Opportunities<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"careers-h\">Where Biology majors go<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"sec-body\">\n        Biology graduates pursue a wide range of careers across the life sciences, medicine,\n        environmental science, and allied health.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"program-list\">\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Biologist<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Botanist<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Zoologist<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Registered Nurse<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Pharmacy Technician<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Phlebotomist<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Respiratory Therapist<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Pharmacologist<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Biology Teacher<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Environmental Scientist<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Quality Control Technician<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Agricultural Technician<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Biomedical Engineer<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Medical Laboratory Scientist<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Medical Manager<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Physician Assistant<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Genetic Counselor<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Legal Specialist<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Microbiologist<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Game \/ Fish Warden<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Surgeon<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Pharmaceutical Sales Representative<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Occupational Therapist<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Veterinarian<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- RESOURCES -->\n  <section class=\"sec\" id=\"resources\" aria-labelledby=\"resources-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Resources<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"resources-h\">Student support &amp; references<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"resource-list\">\n\n      <div class=\"resource-item\">\n        <div class=\"resource-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udc68&zwj;\ud83c\udfeb<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__name\">Biology Mentors &amp; Advisors List<\/div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__desc\">Directory of Biology faculty mentors and academic advisors.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/biology-advisors-list\/\" class=\"resource-item__link\" aria-label=\"Open the Biology Mentors and Advisors List page\">Open \u2192<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"resource-item\">\n        <div class=\"resource-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83e\uddea<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__name\">Research Opportunities<\/div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__desc\">Summer research and other research opportunities for Biology students.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/summer-researchother\/#Wordpress\" class=\"resource-item__link\" aria-label=\"Open the Research Opportunities page\">Open \u2192<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"resource-item\">\n        <div class=\"resource-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__name\">Biology Minor Requirements<\/div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__desc\">Requirements for declaring and completing a minor in Biology.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/biology-minor-requirements-2\/\" class=\"resource-item__link\" aria-label=\"Open the Biology Minor Requirements page\">Open \u2192<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"resource-item\">\n        <div class=\"resource-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udcd1<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__name\">Chemistry Minor Requirements (PDF)<\/div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__desc\">Requirements for completing a minor in Chemistry, frequently paired with Biology majors.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2026\/10\/Chemistry-Minor-Requirements.pdf\" class=\"resource-item__link\" aria-label=\"Open the Chemistry Minor Requirements PDF document\">Open \u2192<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"resource-item\">\n        <div class=\"resource-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udcdd<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__name\">CSET Tutoring Schedule (PDF)<\/div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__desc\">CSET Scholars Academy tutoring schedule with subjects, times, and locations.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2026\/10\/CSET-Tutoring-Schedule-Fall-2024-Updated-1.pdf\" class=\"resource-item__link\" aria-label=\"Open the CSET Tutoring Schedule PDF document\">Open \u2192<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"resource-item\">\n        <div class=\"resource-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udcc4<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__name\">Forms<\/div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__desc\">Biology departmental forms and request documents.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/forms\/\" class=\"resource-item__link\" aria-label=\"Open the Biology Department Forms page\">Open \u2192<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"resource-item\">\n        <div class=\"resource-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udcc5<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__name\">Important Dates \/ Academic Calendar<\/div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__desc\">JSU academic calendar with semester start, end, holidays, and key deadlines.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/academicaffairs\/academic-calendar\/\" class=\"resource-item__link\" aria-label=\"Open the JSU Academic Calendar page\">Open \u2192<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- PERSONNEL -->\n  <section class=\"sec sec--off\" id=\"personnel\" aria-labelledby=\"personnel-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Personnel<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"personnel-h\">Faculty &amp; staff<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"sec-body\">\n        Meet the faculty, office staff, and personnel who make up the Department of Biology.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"cards-grid\">\n\n      <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/faculty\/#a\">\n      <div class=\"card__body\">\n        <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">Faculty<\/div>\n        <div class=\"card__title\">Faculty Directory<\/div>\n        <div class=\"card__text\">\n          Faculty profiles, research areas, and teaching responsibilities for the Department of\n          Biology.\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n\n      <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/staff\/office-staff\/\">\n      <div class=\"card__body\">\n        <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">Office<\/div>\n        <div class=\"card__title\">Office Staff<\/div>\n        <div class=\"card__text\">\n          The administrative team that supports the Department of Biology's daily operations.\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n\n      <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/personnel\/\">\n      <div class=\"card__body\">\n        <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">Full Directory<\/div>\n        <div class=\"card__title\">All Personnel<\/div>\n        <div class=\"card__text\">\n          The complete Department of Biology personnel directory \u2014 faculty, staff, and\n          coordinators.\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- CTA BAND -->\n  <section class=\"cta-band dk\" aria-labelledby=\"cta-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\"><div class=\"cta-band__inner\">\n    <div>\n      <h2 class=\"cta-band__title\" id=\"cta-h\">Ready to join?<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"cta-band__sub\">For more information, call (601) 979-2586 or email biologydept@jsums.edu. We look forward to meeting with you.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"cta-band__btns\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/apply\/\" class=\"btn btn--primary\">Apply Now<\/a>\n      <a href=\"mailto:biologydept@jsums.edu\" class=\"btn btn--outline-white\" aria-label=\"Email the Department of Biology at biologydept@jsums.edu\">Email the Department<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div><\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- CONTACT -->\n  <section class=\"sec sec--surface\" id=\"contact\" aria-labelledby=\"contact-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-bottom:1.5rem;\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Get in Touch<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"contact-h\">Contact the Department of Biology<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"contact-items\">\n      <div class=\"contact-item\">\n        <div class=\"contact-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udccd<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__label\">Location<\/div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__val\">\n            Department of Biology<br>\n            John A. Peoples Science Building, Room 335<br>\n            Jackson State University\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"contact-item\">\n        <div class=\"contact-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2709<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__label\">Mailing Address<\/div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__val\">\n            Department of Biology<br>\n            1400 J.R. Lynch Street, P.O. Box 18540<br>\n            Jackson, MS 39217\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"contact-item\">\n        <div class=\"contact-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udcde<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__label\">Phone<\/div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__val\"><a href=\"tel:+16019792586\">(601) 979-2586<\/a><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"contact-item\">\n        <div class=\"contact-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udce7<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__label\">Email<\/div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__val\"><a href=\"mailto:biologydept@jsums.edu\">biologydept@jsums.edu<\/a><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n<\/main><!-- end #main-content -->\n\n<button class=\"fnav-toggle\" aria-label=\"Open page navigation menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"fnav-drawer\" type=\"button\">\n  <span class=\"fnav-toggle__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2630<\/span>\n  <span class=\"fnav-toggle__label\">Menu<\/span>\n<\/button>\n\n<div class=\"fnav-overlay\" id=\"fnav-overlay\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n\n<nav class=\"fnav-drawer\" id=\"fnav-drawer\" aria-label=\"Page navigation\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n  <div class=\"fnav-drawer__header\">\n    <div>\n      <span class=\"fnav-drawer__eyebrow\">CSET<\/span>\n      <span class=\"fnav-drawer__title\">Department of Biology<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <button class=\"fnav-close\" aria-label=\"Close navigation menu\" type=\"button\">\u00d7<\/button>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"fnav-drawer__body\">\n    <div class=\"fnav-group\">\n      <ul class=\"fnav-group__items\" role=\"list\">\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"page\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Department Home<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"#about\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">About<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"#approach\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Our Approach<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"#outcomes\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Student Outcomes<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"#curriculum\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Curriculum<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li style=\"padding-left:1.25rem;\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/undergraduate-program-objectives-overview\/#a\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Undergraduate Curriculum<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li style=\"padding-left:1.25rem;\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/graduate-curriculum\/#c\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Graduate Curriculum<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"#coordinators\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Graduation Coordinators<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"#careers\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Career Opportunities<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"#resources\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Resources<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li style=\"padding-left:1.25rem;\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/biology-advisors-list\/\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Mentors &amp; Advisors<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li style=\"padding-left:1.25rem;\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/summer-researchother\/#Wordpress\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Research Opportunities<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"#personnel\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Personnel<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li style=\"padding-left:1.25rem;\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/staff\/office-staff\/\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Office Staff<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li style=\"padding-left:1.25rem;\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/faculty\/#a\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Faculty<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li style=\"padding-left:1.25rem;\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/personnel\/\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">All Personnel<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Prospective Students<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"#contact\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Contact Us<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/cset\/\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">College of Science, Engineering &amp; Technology<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"fnav-drawer__footer\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/cset\/\" class=\"fnav-footer-link\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF !important;\">\u2190 College of Science, Engineering &amp; Technology<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/nav>\n\n<button class=\"jsu-btt\" id=\"jsu-btt\" aria-label=\"Back to top\" type=\"button\">\u21e7<\/button>\n\n<script>\n(function(){\n'use strict';\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Year \u2500\u2500 *\/\nvar yr=document.getElementById('year');\nif(yr)yr.textContent=new Date().getFullYear();\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Drawer Nav \u2500\u2500 *\/\nvar toggle=document.querySelector('.fnav-toggle'),\n    drawer=document.getElementById('fnav-drawer'),\n    overlay=document.getElementById('fnav-overlay'),\n    closeBtn=document.querySelector('.fnav-close'),\n    navLinks=document.querySelectorAll('.fnav-item[href^=\"#\"]'),\n    isOpen=false;\n\nfunction openD(){\n  isOpen=true;\n  drawer.classList.add('is-open');\n  overlay.classList.add('is-open');\n  drawer.removeAttribute('aria-hidden');\n  overlay.removeAttribute('aria-hidden');\n  toggle.setAttribute('aria-expanded','true');\n  document.body.style.overflow='hidden';\n  var f=drawer.querySelector('button,[href],[tabindex]:not([tabindex=\"-1\"])');\n  if(f)f.focus();\n}\nfunction closeD(){\n  isOpen=false;\n  drawer.classList.remove('is-open');\n  overlay.classList.remove('is-open');\n  drawer.setAttribute('aria-hidden','true');\n  overlay.setAttribute('aria-hidden','true');\n  toggle.setAttribute('aria-expanded','false');\n  document.body.style.overflow='';\n  if(toggle)toggle.focus();\n}\n\nif(toggle)toggle.addEventListener('click',openD);\nif(closeBtn)closeBtn.addEventListener('click',closeD);\nif(overlay)overlay.addEventListener('click',closeD);\n\ndocument.addEventListener('keydown',function(e){\n  if(!isOpen)return;\n  if(e.key==='Escape'){closeD();return;}\n  if(e.key==='Tab'){\n    var focusable=Array.from(drawer.querySelectorAll(\n      'button:not([disabled]),[href],[tabindex]:not([tabindex=\"-1\"])'\n    )).filter(function(el){return el.offsetParent!==null;});\n    if(!focusable.length)return;\n    var first=focusable[0],last=focusable[focusable.length-1];\n    if(e.shiftKey&&document.activeElement===first){e.preventDefault();last.focus();}\n    else if(!e.shiftKey&&document.activeElement===last){e.preventDefault();first.focus();}\n  }\n});\n\nnavLinks.forEach(function(link){\n  link.addEventListener('click',function(e){\n    var t=document.querySelector(this.getAttribute('href'));\n    if(!t)return;\n    e.preventDefault();\n    closeD();\n    setTimeout(function(){\n      var ab=document.getElementById('wpadminbar');\n      var off=24+(ab?ab.offsetHeight:0);\n      window.scrollTo({top:t.getBoundingClientRect().top+window.pageYOffset-off,behavior:'smooth'});\n      t.setAttribute('tabindex','-1');\n      t.focus({preventScroll:true});\n    },220);\n  });\n});\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 IntersectionObserver: active section in drawer \u2500\u2500 *\/\nif('IntersectionObserver' in window){\n  var sm={};\n  navLinks.forEach(function(link){\n    var id=link.getAttribute('href').replace('#','');\n    var el=document.getElementById(id);\n    if(el)sm[id]=link;\n  });\n  var io=new IntersectionObserver(function(entries){\n    entries.forEach(function(entry){\n      if(entry.isIntersecting){\n        Object.values(sm).forEach(function(l){\n          l.classList.remove('is-active');\n          l.setAttribute('aria-current','false');\n        });\n        var a=sm[entry.target.id];\n        if(a){a.classList.add('is-active');a.setAttribute('aria-current','true');}\n      }\n    });\n  },{rootMargin:'-20% 0px -60% 0px',threshold:0});\n  Object.keys(sm).forEach(function(id){\n    var el=document.getElementById(id);\n    if(el)io.observe(el);\n  });\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Scroll: BTT + Menu toggle show\/hide \u2500\u2500 *\/\nvar btt=document.getElementById('jsu-btt');\nvar tog=document.querySelector('.fnav-toggle');\n\nwindow.addEventListener('scroll',function(){\n  var y=window.pageYOffset;\n  \/* Back-to-top: show after 300px *\/\n  if(btt)btt.classList.toggle('is-visible',y>300);\n  \/* Menu tab: show after 200px, hide when back at very top *\/\n  if(tog)tog.classList.toggle('is-visible',y>200);\n},{passive:true});\n\nif(btt){\n  btt.addEventListener('click',function(){\n    window.scrollTo({top:0,behavior:'smooth'});\n  });\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Tabs (ARIA tablist) \u2500\u2500 *\/\nvar tabs=document.querySelectorAll('[role=\"tab\"]');\nvar panels=document.querySelectorAll('[role=\"tabpanel\"]');\n\ntabs.forEach(function(btn,i){\n  btn.addEventListener('click',function(){\n    tabs.forEach(function(b){\n      b.setAttribute('aria-selected','false');\n      b.setAttribute('tabindex','-1');\n    });\n    panels.forEach(function(p){\n      p.classList.remove('is-active');\n      p.setAttribute('hidden','');\n    });\n    btn.setAttribute('aria-selected','true');\n    btn.setAttribute('tabindex','0');\n    var p=document.getElementById(btn.getAttribute('aria-controls'));\n    if(p){p.classList.add('is-active');p.removeAttribute('hidden');}\n  });\n  btn.addEventListener('keydown',function(e){\n    var d=0;\n    if(e.key==='ArrowRight')d=1;\n    if(e.key==='ArrowLeft')d=-1;\n    if(d===0)return;\n    e.preventDefault();\n    var n=(i+d+tabs.length)%tabs.length;\n    tabs[n].focus();\n    tabs[n].click();\n  });\n});\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Accordion \u2500\u2500 *\/\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.accordion__trigger').forEach(function(btn){\n  btn.addEventListener('click',function(){\n    var ex=btn.getAttribute('aria-expanded')==='true';\n    var body=document.getElementById(btn.getAttribute('aria-controls'));\n    btn.setAttribute('aria-expanded',String(!ex));\n    if(body)body.classList.toggle('is-open',!ex);\n  });\n});\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Contact form validation \u2500\u2500 *\/\nwindow.submitContactForm=function(){\n  var n=document.getElementById('cf-name'),\n      em=document.getElementById('cf-email'),\n      msg=document.getElementById('cf-message'),\n      st=document.getElementById('form-status'),\n      ok=true;\n  [n,em,msg].forEach(function(el){\n    if(!el)return;\n    el.classList.remove('is-error');\n    var err=document.getElementById(el.getAttribute('aria-describedby'));\n    if(err)err.classList.remove('is-visible');\n  });\n  if(st){st.className='form-status';st.textContent='';}\n  function flag(el){\n    ok=false;el.classList.add('is-error');\n    var err=document.getElementById(el.getAttribute('aria-describedby'));\n    if(err)err.classList.add('is-visible');\n  }\n  if(n&&!n.value.trim())flag(n);\n  if(em&&!\/^[^\\s@]+@[^\\s@]+\\.[^\\s@]+$\/.test(em.value))flag(em);\n  if(msg&&!msg.value.trim())flag(msg);\n  if(!ok){\n    if(st){st.className='form-status is-err';st.textContent='Please correct the highlighted fields before submitting.';}\n    var fe=document.querySelector('.form-control.is-error');\n    if(fe)fe.focus();\n    return;\n  }\n  if(st){\n    st.className='form-status is-ok';\n    st.textContent=\"Thank you! Your message has been sent. We'll respond within 1-2 business days.\";\n    st.focus();\n  }\n  [n,em,msg].forEach(function(el){if(el)el.value='';});\n  var sub=document.getElementById('cf-subject');\n  if(sub)sub.selectedIndex=0;\n};\n\n})();\n<\/script>\n\n<\/body><\/html>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Department of Biology \u00b7 Jackson State University Skip to main content JSU Home College of Science, Engineering &amp; Technology Department [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":811,"href":"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5\/revisions\/811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}