{"id":840,"date":"2026-07-26T02:40:37","date_gmt":"2026-07-26T02:40:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/?page_id=840"},"modified":"2026-07-26T02:41:26","modified_gmt":"2026-07-26T02:41:26","slug":"dr-naira-ibrahim","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/dr-naira-ibrahim\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr. Naira Ibrahim &middot; Jackson State University"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"840\" class=\"elementor elementor-840\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a66ad1e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a66ad1e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94b58c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"94b58c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html 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\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n   ELEMENTOR CONTAINMENT RESETS\n   Prevents Elementor wrapper styles from bleeding into our\n   custom HTML content blocks.\n\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n\n\/* Zero out all padding\/margin\/gap\/background on every Elementor wrapper *\/\n.elementor-widget-container,\n.elementor-widget-wrap,\n.elementor-widget-wrap > .elementor-element,\n.elementor-section .elementor-container,\n.elementor-section .elementor-row,\n.e-con,\n.e-con-inner,\n.e-child,\n.e-con > .e-con-inner {\n    padding: 0 !important;\n    margin: 0 !important;\n    gap: 0 !important;\n    background: transparent !important;\n    background-color: transparent !important;\n    background-image: none !important;\n    border: none !important;\n    box-shadow: none !important;\n    max-width: none !important;\n    width: 100% !important;\n}\n\n\/* Section-level Elementor wrappers *\/\n.elementor-section,\n.elementor-top-section,\n.elementor-inner-section {\n    padding: 0 !important;\n    margin: 0 !important;\n    background: transparent !important;\n    background-color: transparent !important;\n    background-image: none !important;\n}\n\n\/* Strip Elementor heading color overrides *\/\n.elementor-widget-container h1,\n.elementor-widget-container h2,\n.elementor-widget-container h3,\n.elementor-widget-container h4,\n.elementor-widget-container h5,\n.elementor-widget-container p,\n.elementor-widget-container a {\n    color: inherit !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Dark section hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n   .hero and .cta-band.dk MUST stay dark regardless of\n   Elementor theme color injection.\n\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.hero,\n.hero * {\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.hero__inner {\n    justify-items: center !important;\n    text-align: center !important;\n}\n.hero__inner > div {\n    display: flex !important;\n    flex-direction: column !important;\n    align-items: center !important;\n    text-align: center !important;\n    max-width: 780px !important;\n    margin: 0 auto !important;\n}\n.hero__btns {\n    justify-content: center !important;\n}\n.hero__desc {\n    max-width: 640px !important;\n    margin-left: auto !important;\n    margin-right: auto !important;\n}\n.hero__tag {\n    display: inline-block !important;\n}\n.hero {\n    background-color: #00152E !important;\n    background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #00152E 0%, #002147 60%, #003366 100%) !important;\n    position: relative !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk {\n    background-color: #002147 !important;\n    background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #00152E 0%, #002147 100%) !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk * {\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk .btn--primary {\n    background-color: #00659E !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk .btn--outline-white {\n    border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6) !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Section background hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.sec {\n    background-color: #FFFFFF !important;\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n.sec--off {\n    background-color: #F3F7FB !important;\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n.sec--surface {\n    background-color: #E6EEF6 !important;\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Text color hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.sec .sec-title,\n.sec .sec-eyebrow,\n.sec h2,\n.sec h3 {\n    color: #002147;\n}\n.sec p,\n.sec li,\n.sec dd,\n.sec dt {\n    color: #4A5060;\n}\n.sec a {\n    color: #00629A;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 About section hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.about-facts {\n    background: #E6EEF6 !important;\n    border-radius: 8px !important;\n    padding: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.5rem) !important;\n}\n.about-facts__title {\n    color: #00629A !important;\n    font-weight: 700 !important;\n}\n.about-facts dl dt {\n    color: #636B78 !important;\n    text-transform: uppercase !important;\n    font-size: .72rem !important;\n    letter-spacing: .08em !important;\n    font-weight: 700 !important;\n}\n.about-facts dl dd {\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n    font-size: .97rem !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Card hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.card {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n    border-radius: 8px !important;\n}\n.card__eyebrow { color: #00629A !important; }\n.card__title   { color: #002147 !important; }\n.card__text    { color: #4A5060 !important; }\n.card__link    { color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Faculty card hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.faculty-card {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n    border-radius: 8px !important;\n}\n.faculty-card__name  { color: #002147 !important; }\n.faculty-card__title { color: #636B78 !important; }\n.faculty-card__contact, \n.faculty-card__contact a { color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Resource list hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.resource-item {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n    border-bottom-color: #C2D4E6 !important;\n}\n.resource-item__name { color: #002147 !important; }\n.resource-item__desc { color: #4A5060 !important; }\n.resource-item__link { color: #00629A !important; border-color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Program card hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.program-card {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n    border-radius: 8px !important;\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n.program-card__name  { color: #002147 !important; }\n.program-card__level { color: #636B78 !important; }\n.program-card__dot   { background: #008ED6 !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Tab hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.tabs__btn {\n    background: transparent !important;\n    color: #002147 !important;\n    border-color: #C2D4E6 !important;\n}\n.tabs__btn[aria-selected=\"true\"] {\n    background: #002147 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border-color: #002147 !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Accordion hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.accordion__trigger {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    color: #002147 !important;\n    border-color: #C2D4E6 !important;\n}\n.accordion__trigger[aria-expanded=\"true\"] {\n    background: #002147 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.accordion__body { \n    background: #FFFFFF !important; \n    color: #4A5060 !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Nav drawer hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.fnav-drawer {\n    background: #002147 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.fnav-drawer__header {\n    background: #00152E !important;\n    border-bottom-color: rgba(0,142,214,0.3) !important;\n}\n.fnav-drawer__title { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.fnav-drawer__eyebrow { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n.fnav-item { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85) !important; }\n.fnav-item.is-active,\n.fnav-item:hover { color: #FFFFFF !important; background: rgba(0,142,214,0.2) !important; }\n.fnav-group__label { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n.fnav-drawer__footer { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.fnav-footer-link { color: #FFFFFF !important; text-decoration: none; }\n.fnav-footer-link:hover { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Hero text hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.hero__tag     { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n.hero__title   { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.hero__desc    { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85) !important; }\n.hero__btns .btn--primary       { background-color: #00659E !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.hero__btns .btn--outline-white { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6) !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Breadcrumb hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.breadcrumb { background: #002147 !important; }\n.breadcrumb a, .breadcrumb span { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75) !important; }\n.breadcrumb [aria-current=\"page\"] { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Contact section hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.contact-items { color: #1C2430 !important; }\n.contact-item__label { color: #636B78 !important; }\n.contact-item__val   { color: #1C2430 !important; }\n.contact-item__val a { color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Skip link \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.skip-link:focus {\n    background: #008ED6 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 BTT button \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.jsu-btt {\n    background: #00659E !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Menu toggle \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.fnav-toggle {\n    background: #002147 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.fnav-toggle:hover { background: #007ABB !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 WCAG: Ensure minimum contrast on all body text \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\nbody { \n    background-color: #FFFFFF !important; \n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 TICKER STRIP \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.ticker-wrap{\n    background:#00152E;\n    border-top:1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.25);\n    border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.25);\n    overflow:hidden;\n    padding:.55rem 0;\n    position:relative;\n}\n.ticker-wrap::before,\n.ticker-wrap::after{\n    content:'';\n    position:absolute;\n    top:0;bottom:0;\n    width:80px;\n    z-index:2;\n    pointer-events:none;\n}\n.ticker-wrap::before{\n    left:0;\n    background:linear-gradient(to right,#00152E,transparent);\n}\n.ticker-wrap::after{\n    right:0;\n    background:linear-gradient(to left,#00152E,transparent);\n}\n.ticker-label{\n    position:absolute;\n    left:0;top:50%;\n    transform:translateY(-50%);\n    background:#008ED6;\n    color:#FFFFFF;\n    font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size:.65rem;\n    font-weight:700;\n    letter-spacing:.12em;\n    text-transform:uppercase;\n    padding:.35rem .75rem;\n    z-index:3;\n    white-space:nowrap;\n}\n.ticker-track{\n    display:flex;\n    align-items:center;\n    gap:0;\n    width:max-content;\n    animation:ticker-scroll 40s linear infinite;\n    padding-left:160px;\n}\n.ticker-track:hover{animation-play-state:paused;}\n.ticker-item{\n    display:inline-flex;\n    align-items:center;\n    gap:.5rem;\n    white-space:nowrap;\n    padding:0 1.5rem;\n    font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size:.78rem;\n    font-weight:500;\n    color:rgba(255,255,255,.75);\n    transition:color .2s;\n    text-decoration:none;\n}\n.ticker-item:hover{color:#3DB4F0;}\n.ticker-item::before{\n    content:'';\n    display:inline-block;\n    width:4px;height:4px;\n    border-radius:50%;\n    background:#008ED6;\n    flex-shrink:0;\n}\n@keyframes ticker-scroll{\n    0%{transform:translateX(0);}\n    100%{transform:translateX(-50%);}\n}\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){\n    .ticker-track{animation:none;overflow-x:auto;}\n}\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 HERO CENTERING \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.hero__inner{\n    justify-items:center;\n    text-align:center;\n}\n.hero__inner > div{\n    display:flex;\n    flex-direction:column;\n    align-items:center;\n    text-align:center;\n    max-width:780px;\n    margin:0 auto;\n}\n.hero__desc{\n    max-width:640px;\n    margin-left:auto;\n    margin-right:auto;\n}\n.hero__btns{\n    justify-content:center;\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Visually hidden elements \u2014 explicit colors for accessibility checkers \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.sr-only,\n.visually-hidden {\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n    background-color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Screen-reader-only toggle label \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.fnav-toggle__label {\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Skip link always has explicit colors \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.skip-link {\n    background-color: #00659E !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Breadcrumb: sit flush below global header \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\nbody {\n    padding-top: 65px !important;\n    background-color: #002147 !important;\n}\n.breadcrumb {\n    margin-top: 0 !important;\n    scroll-margin-top: 65px !important;\n}\n#main-content {\n    scroll-margin-top: 65px !important;\n}\n.admin-bar body { padding-top: 97px !important; }\n.admin-bar .breadcrumb { scroll-margin-top: 97px !important; }\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Hero: full viewport height \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.hero {\n    min-height: 100vh !important;\n    height: 100vh !important;\n    display: flex !important;\n    align-items: center !important;\n    justify-content: center !important;\n    padding: 0 !important;\n    position: relative !important;\n}\n.hero__inner {\n    justify-items: center !important;\n    text-align: center !important;\n    padding: clamp(2rem, 4vh, 5rem) 0 !important;\n    width: 100% !important;\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n   JSU GLOBAL NAVIGATION \u2014 matches jsums.edu exactly\n\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.jsu-global-nav {\n    position: fixed;\n    top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;\n    z-index: 1000;\n    background: #002147;\n    box-shadow: 0 2px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.35);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__top {\n    background: #00152E;\n    padding: .3rem 0;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.2);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__top-inner {\n    max-width: 1340px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    padding: 0 clamp(1.25rem,4vw,3rem);\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: space-between;\n    gap: 1rem;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__util-links {\n    display: flex;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n    gap: .15rem .75rem;\n    list-style: none;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__util-links a {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .68rem;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.65);\n    text-decoration: none;\n    letter-spacing: .02em;\n    transition: color .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__util-links a:hover { color: #3DB4F0; }\n.jsu-global-nav__ctas {\n    display: flex;\n    gap: .4rem;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .72rem;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    letter-spacing: .05em;\n    text-decoration: none;\n    padding: .3rem .85rem;\n    border-radius: 4px;\n    transition: background .15s, color .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--apply {\n    background: #00659E;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--apply:hover { background: #007ABB; }\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--visit {\n    background: transparent;\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.8);\n    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--visit:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.08); color: #FFFFFF; }\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--give {\n    background: #3DB4F0;\n    color: #002147;\n    font-weight: 800;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--give:hover { background: #6DC8F5; }\n\n.jsu-global-nav__main {\n    max-width: 1340px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    padding: 0 clamp(1.25rem,4vw,3rem);\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: space-between;\n    height: 64px;\n    gap: 1.5rem;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: .65rem;\n    text-decoration: none;\n    flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-mark {\n    width: 44px;\n    height: 44px;\n    border-radius: 6px;\n    background: #FFFFFF;\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: center;\n    flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-mark span {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-weight: 900;\n    font-size: 1.05rem;\n    color: #002147;\n    letter-spacing: -.03em;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-text { line-height: 1.15; }\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-text strong {\n    display: block;\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-weight: 800;\n    font-size: .88rem;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    letter-spacing: .01em;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-text span {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .62rem;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    letter-spacing: .14em;\n    text-transform: uppercase;\n    color: #3DB4F0;\n}\n\n.jsu-global-nav__menu {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 0;\n    list-style: none;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li {\n    position: relative;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > a,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > button {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: .3rem;\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .82rem;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.85);\n    text-decoration: none;\n    padding: .55rem .75rem;\n    border-radius: 6px;\n    background: none;\n    border: none;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    transition: color .15s, background .15s;\n    white-space: nowrap;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > a:hover,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > button:hover {\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    background: rgba(255,255,255,.08);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > a::after,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > button.has-sub::after {\n    content: '';\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 0; height: 0;\n    border-left: 4px solid transparent;\n    border-right: 4px solid transparent;\n    border-top: 4px solid currentColor;\n    opacity: .6;\n    margin-left: .2rem;\n    transition: transform .2s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:hover > button.has-sub::after,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:focus-within > button.has-sub::after {\n    transform: rotate(180deg);\n}\n\n\/* Dropdowns *\/\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown {\n    position: absolute;\n    top: calc(100% + 4px);\n    left: 0;\n    min-width: 220px;\n    background: #001736;\n    border: 1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.25);\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,.4);\n    padding: .5rem 0;\n    opacity: 0;\n    visibility: hidden;\n    transform: translateY(-8px);\n    transition: opacity .2s, visibility .2s, transform .2s;\n    z-index: 100;\n    list-style: none;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:hover .jsu-global-nav__dropdown,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:focus-within .jsu-global-nav__dropdown {\n    opacity: 1;\n    visibility: visible;\n    transform: translateY(0);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown a {\n    display: block;\n    padding: .5rem 1.1rem;\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .82rem;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.8);\n    text-decoration: none;\n    transition: color .15s, background .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown a:hover {\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    background: rgba(0,142,214,.15);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown .drop-group-label {\n    display: block;\n    padding: .65rem 1.1rem .25rem;\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .65rem;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    letter-spacing: .12em;\n    text-transform: uppercase;\n    color: #3DB4F0;\n    border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.2);\n    margin-top: .35rem;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown .drop-group-label:first-child {\n    border-top: none;\n    margin-top: 0;\n}\n\n\/* Mobile menu toggle *\/\n.jsu-global-nav__mob-btn {\n    display: none;\n    background: none;\n    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);\n    border-radius: 6px;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    padding: .45rem .65rem;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 1.15rem;\n    line-height: 1;\n    transition: background .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__mob-btn:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); }\n\n\/* Page body offset for fixed nav *\/\nbody { padding-top: 0 !important; }\n.breadcrumb {\n    margin-top: 54px !important; }\n.admin-bar .breadcrumb {\n    margin-top: 46px !important; }\n#main-content { scroll-margin-top: 104px !important; }\n\n\/* Sections scroll past nav *\/\n[id] { scroll-margin-top: 104px; }\n\n@media(max-width: 1024px) {\n    .jsu-global-nav__menu { display: none; }\n    .jsu-global-nav__mob-btn { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }\n}\n@media(max-width: 600px) {\n    .jsu-global-nav__logo-text { display: none; }\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550 PDF \/ Document Inline Viewer \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.doc-embed-wrap {\n    margin: 1.25rem 0;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6;\n    border-radius: 10px;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    background: #F3F7FB;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: space-between;\n    padding: .6rem 1rem;\n    background: #002147;\n    gap: .75rem;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__title {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .82rem;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    flex: 1;\n    min-width: 0;\n    white-space: nowrap;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    text-overflow: ellipsis;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__actions {\n    display: flex;\n    gap: .4rem;\n    flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .72rem;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    letter-spacing: .04em;\n    padding: .3rem .75rem;\n    border-radius: 5px;\n    text-decoration: none;\n    transition: background .15s, color .15s;\n    white-space: nowrap;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn--view {\n    background: #00659E;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    border: 1px solid #008ED6;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn--view:hover { background: #007ABB; }\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn--dl {\n    background: rgba(255,255,255,.12);\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.9);\n    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn--dl:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.2); color: #FFFFFF; }\n.doc-embed-frame {\n    width: 100%;\n    height: 560px;\n    border: none;\n    display: block;\n    background: #FFFFFF;\n}\n@media(max-width:600px){ .doc-embed-frame { height: 380px; } }\n\n\n.pdf-embed-wrap{border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 2px 16px rgba(0,21,46,.1);margin:1.5rem 0;}\n.pdf-embed-header{background:#002147;padding:.75rem 1.25rem;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;flex-wrap:wrap;}\n.pdf-embed-title{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:.88rem;color:#FFFFFF;}\n.pdf-embed-actions{display:flex;gap:.5rem;flex-wrap:wrap;}\n.pdf-btn{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:600;padding:.35rem .85rem;border-radius:4px;text-decoration:none;transition:background .15s;white-space:nowrap;}\n.pdf-btn--view{background:rgba(255,255,255,.15);color:#FFFFFF;}\n.pdf-btn--view:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,.25);}\n.pdf-btn--dl{background:#00659E;color:#FFFFFF;}\n.pdf-btn--dl:hover{background:#007ABB;}\n.pdf-embed-frame{display:block;background:#F3F7FB;width:100%;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-radius:0 0 8px 8px;}\n\n<\/style>\n<style>\n.cards-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(280px,1fr));gap:1.5rem}\n.card{position:relative;overflow:hidden;display:flex;flex-direction:column;transition:border-color .25s ease,box-shadow .25s ease,transform .25s ease !important}\n.card::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;height:4px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#00629A 0%,#008ED6 100%);opacity:.9}\n.card:hover{border-color:#008ED6 !important;box-shadow:0 8px 28px rgba(0,33,71,.10) !important;transform:translateY(-3px)}\na.card{text-decoration:none;color:inherit}\n.card__body{padding:1.85rem 1.65rem 1.65rem;flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}\n.card__eyebrow{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.68rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:.75rem;display:block;color:#00629A}\n.card__title{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.25;margin-bottom:.9rem;display:block;color:#002147}\n.card__text{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.65;display:block;color:#4A5060;flex:1}\na.card--action .card__title{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.65rem}\na.card--action .card__title::after{content:\"\\2192\";color:#00629A;font-weight:700;margin-left:auto;font-size:1.35rem;transition:transform .2s ease}\na.card--action:hover .card__title::after{transform:translateX(4px)}\n.card--featured{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#002147 0%,#00629A 100%);border:none}\n.card--featured::before{display:none}\n.card--featured .card__eyebrow{color:#6DC8F5}\n.card--featured .card__title{color:#FFFFFF}\n.card--featured .card__text{color:#FFFFFF}\n.card--featured.card--action .card__title::after{color:#6DC8F5}\n\n\/* Profile 2-column: photo + contact *\/\n.profile-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.8fr 1.2fr;gap:2.5rem;align-items:start}\n.profile-photo-wrap{position:relative}\n.profile-photo{width:100%;max-width:320px;border-radius:12px;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;display:block;background:#E6EEF6}\n.profile-info{display:flex;flex-direction:column}\n.profile-role{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.78rem;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#00629A;margin:0 0 .5rem}\n.profile-name{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:2rem;font-weight:800;color:#002147;margin:0 0 1.5rem;line-height:1.15}\n.profile-details{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.9rem}\n.profile-line{display:flex;gap:.85rem;align-items:flex-start;font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1.08rem;line-height:1.5;color:#1C2430}\n.profile-line .ic{color:#008ED6;flex-shrink:0;width:1.3rem;display:flex;justify-content:center;margin-top:.1rem}\n.profile-line .ic svg{width:20px;height:20px;display:block}\n.profile-line strong{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#4A5060;display:block;margin-bottom:.15rem}\n.profile-line a{color:#00629A;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;word-break:break-word}\n.profile-line a:hover{text-decoration:underline}\n\n\/* Numbered academic lists *\/\n.acad-list{list-style:none;counter-reset:acad;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:1rem}\n.acad-item{position:relative;counter-increment:acad;background:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-radius:8px;padding:1.35rem 1.5rem 1.35rem 4.15rem;font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1.08rem;line-height:1.65;color:#1C2430}\n.acad-item::before{content:counter(acad);position:absolute;left:1.15rem;top:1.15rem;width:2.15rem;height:2.15rem;border-radius:50%;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00629A 0%,#008ED6 100%);color:#FFFFFF;font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:1.02rem;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\n.acad-item strong{color:#002147}\n\n\/* Contact items *\/\n.contact-items{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:2.5rem;margin-top:0}\n.contact-item{display:flex;gap:.85rem;align-items:flex-start;margin-bottom:0}\n\n\/* Source-issue callout *\/\n.source-issue-callout{background:#EAF4FB;border:1px solid #008ED6;border-left:4px solid #008ED6;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;padding:1.35rem 1.65rem;display:flex;gap:1.15rem;align-items:flex-start}\n.source-issue-callout__icon{color:#00629A;font-size:1.65rem;flex-shrink:0}\n.source-issue-callout__body{flex:1}\n.source-issue-callout__title{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:1rem;font-weight:800;color:#00629A;margin:0 0 .55rem}\n.source-issue-callout__text{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:.98rem;color:#1C2430;margin:0;line-height:1.65}\n.source-issue-callout__text strong{color:#00629A}\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550 ADA CONTRAST HARDENING OVERRIDES \u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.profile-role{color:#00629A !important}\n.profile-name{color:#002147 !important}\n.profile-line{color:#1C2430 !important}\n.profile-line strong{color:#4A5060 !important}\n.acad-item{color:#1C2430 !important}\n.acad-item strong{color:#002147 !important}\n.source-issue-callout__text{color:#1C2430 !important}\n\n@media (max-width: 760px){\n.cards-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1rem}\n.profile-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.75rem}\n.profile-photo{max-width:100%}\n.profile-name{font-size:1.6rem}\n.acad-item{padding:1.25rem 1.35rem 1.25rem 3.85rem}\n.source-issue-callout{flex-direction:column;padding:1.35rem 1.35rem;text-align:center}\n.source-issue-callout__icon{margin:0 auto}\n.contact-items{gap:1.5rem}\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<a href=\"#main-content\" class=\"skip-link\">Skip to main content<\/a>\n\n<nav class=\"breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n<div class=\"w\"><ol class=\"breadcrumb__list\">\n  <li><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/\">JSU Home<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/\">Department of Biology<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/faculty\/#a\">Faculty<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><span aria-current=\"page\">Dr. Naira Ibrahim<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<\/nav>\n\n<main id=\"main-content\" class=\"jsu-main-content\">\n\n  <!-- HERO -->\n  <section class=\"hero dk\" aria-labelledby=\"hero-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\"><div class=\"hero__inner\"><div>\n    <span class=\"hero__tag\">JSU &middot; Department of Biology<\/span>\n    <h1 class=\"hero__title\" id=\"hero-h\">\n      Dr. Naira <em>Ibrahim<\/em>\n    <\/h1>\n    <p class=\"hero__desc\">\n      Faculty in the Department of Biology at Jackson State University\n      &mdash; with research in phytoremediation of heavy metals, uptake\n      modeling, and plant tissue culture.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"hero__btns\">\n      <a href=\"#research\" class=\"btn btn--primary\">Research Interests<\/a>\n      <a href=\"#contact\" class=\"btn btn--outline-white\">Contact<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- PROFILE -->\n  <section class=\"sec\" id=\"profile\" aria-labelledby=\"profile-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-bottom:1.5rem;\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Department of Biology<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"profile-h\">About Dr. Ibrahim<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"profile-grid\">\n      <div class=\"profile-photo-wrap\">\n        <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"profile-photo\" src=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/files\/2021\/08\/Naira-Ibrahim-2-225x300.jpg\"\n             alt=\"Dr. Naira Ibrahim, Department of Biology faculty\"\n             width=\"225\" height=\"300\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dr. Naira Ibrahim &middot; Jackson State University\">\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"profile-info\">\n        <p class=\"profile-role\">Department of Biology<\/p>\n        <h3 class=\"profile-name\">Dr. Naira Ibrahim<\/h3>\n\n        <div class=\"profile-details\">\n          <div class=\"profile-line\"><span class=\"ic\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 21h18\"\/><path d=\"M6 21V5a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h7a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v16\"\/><path d=\"M15 21V10h3a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v10\"\/><path d=\"M9 8h1.5M9 12h1.5M9 16h1.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n            <span><strong>Office<\/strong>JAP Science Building &ndash; Rm 439<\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"profile-line\"><span class=\"ic\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"5\" width=\"18\" height=\"14\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"m3 7 9 6 9-6\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n            <span><strong>Email<\/strong><a href=\"mailto:naira.a.ibrahim@jsums.edu\">naira.a.ibrahim@jsums.edu<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"profile-line\"><span class=\"ic\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M22 16.92v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.18 2 19.79 19.79 0 0 1-8.63-3.07 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.79 19.79 0 0 1 2.12 4.18 2 2 0 0 1 4.11 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.72c.13.96.36 1.9.7 2.81a2 2 0 0 1-.45 2.11L8.09 9.91a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.27-1.27a2 2 0 0 1 2.11-.45c.91.34 1.85.57 2.81.7A2 2 0 0 1 22 16.92z\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n            <span><strong>Phone<\/strong><a href=\"tel:+16019793469\">(601) 979-3469<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"profile-line\"><span class=\"ic\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.75\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M7 9V3h10v6\"\/><path d=\"M7 18H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h14a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><rect x=\"7\" y=\"15\" width=\"10\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><path d=\"M17 12h.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n            <span><strong>Fax<\/strong>(601) 203-5139<\/span><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- EDUCATION -->\n  <section class=\"sec sec--off\" id=\"education\" aria-labelledby=\"education-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-bottom:1.5rem;\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Academic background<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"education-h\">Education<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <ol class=\"acad-list\">\n      <li class=\"acad-item\"><strong>Postdoctoral<\/strong> at Jackson State University since April 2021<\/li>\n      <li class=\"acad-item\"><strong>Postdoctoral<\/strong> at Tuskegee University 2019- March 2021<\/li>\n      <li class=\"acad-item\"><strong>Ph.D.<\/strong> Environmental Research Institute ElSadat University, Egypt, 2019<\/li>\n      <li class=\"acad-item\"><strong>MSc.<\/strong> Alexandria University, Egypt,2012<\/li>\n      <li class=\"acad-item\"><strong>BSc.<\/strong> Alexandria University, Egypt, 2008.<\/li>\n    <\/ol>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- RESEARCH INTERESTS -->\n  <section class=\"sec\" id=\"research\" aria-labelledby=\"research-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-bottom:1.5rem;\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Scholarship<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"research-h\">Research interests<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <ol class=\"acad-list\">\n      <li class=\"acad-item\">Phytoremediation of toxic metals as heavy metals in soil, water, air by using plants.<\/li>\n      <li class=\"acad-item\">Modeling an uptake model, HSPLIT model to calculate the amount of pollution in the environment.<\/li>\n      <li class=\"acad-item\">Tissue culture and plant production.<\/li>\n    <\/ol>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- PUBLISHED PAPERS -->\n  <section class=\"sec sec--off\" id=\"papers\" aria-labelledby=\"papers-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-bottom:1.5rem;\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Selected publications<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"papers-h\">Published papers<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <ol class=\"acad-list\">\n      <li class=\"acad-item\">Naira A. Ahmed, Naglaa M. Esmaiel and Abido A.I. 1<sup>st<\/sup> International conference on Biotechnology Applications in Agriculture, Moshtohor and Hurghada. 18-22, February 2012, Egypt.<\/li>\n      <li class=\"acad-item\">Naira. A. Ahmed, Nader A. Elshanhorey, Inas Z. Abdelsalam and Ashraf A. Zahran. Bioremediation of Heavy metals by using some shrubs in three different locations of Alexandria city. (A) <em>Nerium oleander<\/em>. Alexandria Science Exchange Journal, 40(1):100-114, 2019. ISSN :1110-0176.<\/li>\n      <li class=\"acad-item\">Naira. A. Ahmed, Inas Z. Abdelsalam, Nader A. Elshanhorey, and Ashraf A. Zahran. Bioremediation of Heavy metals by using some shrubs in three different locations of Alexandria city. (B) <em>Pittosporum tobira.<\/em> Journal of the advance in agricultural research, 23(2):366-388, 2018.<\/li>\n      <li class=\"acad-item\">Ashraf A. Zahran, Inas Z. Abdelsalam, Nader A. Elshanhorey, and Naira. A. Ahmed. Phytoremediation of air pollution by using some plants in three different locations of Alexandria city. Journal of the advance in agricultural research, 2017.<\/li>\n      <li class=\"acad-item\">Naira Ibrahim and Gamal ElAfandi. Evaluation of the Phytoremediation Uptake Model for Predicting Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd, and Zn) from the Soil using <em>Nerium oleander<\/em> L. from the Journal of Environmental Science and Pollution Research. (Springer), 2021.<\/li>\n      <li class=\"acad-item\">Naira Ibrahim and Gamal ElAfandi. Phytoremediation Uptake model of Heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Zn) by using <em>Nerium oleander<\/em> L. in the Helion Journal (Elsevier), 2021.<\/li>\n    <\/ol>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- SOURCE ISSUES -->\n  <section class=\"sec\" id=\"source-issues\" aria-labelledby=\"source-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-bottom:1.5rem;\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Content notes<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"source-h\">Source content notes<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"source-issue-callout\" role=\"note\">\n      <span class=\"source-issue-callout__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#9432;<\/span>\n      <div class=\"source-issue-callout__body\">\n        <p class=\"source-issue-callout__title\">Editorial Notes<\/p>\n        <p class=\"source-issue-callout__text\">\n          Dr. Ibrahim&rsquo;s education, research interests, and\n          publication list are reproduced verbatim from the source,\n          including original spacing and punctuation in the citations\n          (scientific names shown in italics). Her fax number is listed as\n          <strong>(601) 203-5139<\/strong>, which differs from the shared\n          departmental fax on other faculty pages. Dr. Ibrahim also appears\n          on the Biology advisor list, advising students with last names\n          <strong>O and P<\/strong>. Source footer reads &ldquo;Copyright\n          2023&rdquo;.\n        <\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- RELATED PAGES -->\n  <section class=\"sec sec--off\" id=\"related\" aria-labelledby=\"related-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Related pages<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"related-h\">Explore the department<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"cards-grid\">\n      <a class=\"card card--action card--featured\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/biology-advisors-list\/\">\n      <div class=\"card__body\">\n        <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">Department of Biology<\/div>\n        <div class=\"card__title\">Advisor list<\/div>\n        <div class=\"card__text\">Find your Spring 2026 Biology academic advisor. Dr. Ibrahim advises last names O and P.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n      <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/faculty\/#a\">\n      <div class=\"card__body\">\n        <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">Department of Biology<\/div>\n        <div class=\"card__title\">Faculty<\/div>\n        <div class=\"card__text\">Faculty of the JSU Department of Biology.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n      <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/prospective-students\/\">\n      <div class=\"card__body\">\n        <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">Department of Biology<\/div>\n        <div class=\"card__title\">Prospective students<\/div>\n        <div class=\"card__text\">General requirements, curriculum, scholarships, and career opportunities.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- CTA BAND (Ready to Join) -->\n  <section class=\"cta-band dk\" aria-labelledby=\"cta-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\"><div class=\"cta-band__inner\">\n    <div>\n      <h2 class=\"cta-band__title\" id=\"cta-h\">Ready to join?<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"cta-band__sub\">For more information, please contact us at (601) 979-2586 or submit your questions and requests to biologydept@jsums.edu. We look forward to meeting with you and seeing how our program can help you achieve your goals.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"cta-band__btns\">\n      <a href=\"mailto:biologydept@jsums.edu\" class=\"btn btn--primary\">Email the Department<\/a>\n      <a href=\"tel:+16019792586\" class=\"btn btn--outline-white\">Call (601) 979-2586<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div><\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- CONTACT - last section per guide -->\n  <section class=\"sec sec--surface\" id=\"contact\" aria-labelledby=\"contact-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-bottom:1.5rem;\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Contact us<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"contact-h\">Department of Biology<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"sec-body\">College of Science, Engineering, and Technology &middot; Jackson State University.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"contact-items\">\n      <div class=\"contact-item\">\n        <div class=\"contact-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#128205;<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__label\">Location<\/div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__val\">John A. Peoples Science Building, Room 335<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"contact-item\">\n        <div class=\"contact-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#128222;<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__label\">Contact<\/div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__val\"><a href=\"tel:+16019792586\">(601) 979-2586<\/a><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"contact-item\">\n        <div class=\"contact-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#9993;<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__label\">Email<\/div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__val\"><a href=\"mailto:biologydept@jsums.edu\">biologydept@jsums.edu<\/a><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"contact-item\">\n        <div class=\"contact-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#9993;<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__label\">Mailing Address<\/div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__val\">\n            Jackson State University<br>\n            Department of Biology<br>\n            1400 J.R. Lynch St.<br>\n            P.O. Box 18540, Jackson, MS 39217\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n<\/main><!-- end #main-content -->\n\n<button class=\"fnav-toggle\"\n        aria-label=\"Open page navigation menu\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n        aria-controls=\"fnav-drawer\"\n        type=\"button\">\n  <span class=\"fnav-toggle__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#9776;<\/span>\n  <span class=\"fnav-toggle__label\">Menu<\/span>\n<\/button>\n\n<div class=\"fnav-overlay\" id=\"fnav-overlay\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n\n<nav class=\"fnav-drawer\" id=\"fnav-drawer\" aria-label=\"Page navigation\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n  <div class=\"fnav-drawer__header\">\n    <div>\n      <span class=\"fnav-drawer__eyebrow\">JSU &middot; College of Science, Engineering, and Technology<\/span>\n      <span class=\"fnav-drawer__title\">Department of Biology<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <button class=\"fnav-close\" aria-label=\"Close navigation menu\" 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