{"id":964,"date":"2026-08-16T15:06:25","date_gmt":"2026-08-16T15:06:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/?page_id=964"},"modified":"2026-08-16T15:07:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T15:07:16","slug":"undergraduate-program-objectives-overview","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jsums.org\/biology\/undergraduate-program-objectives-overview\/","title":{"rendered":"Undergraduate Program Objectives Overview Department of Biology"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"964\" class=\"elementor elementor-964\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d14b533 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d14b533\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3bec69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d3bec69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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1fr;}.hero__inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;}.hero__stat-band{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;min-width:0;}}\n@media(max-width:600px){.footer__grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}.cta-band__inner{flex-direction:column;}}\n\n    .contact-items{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:2.5rem;margin-top:0;}\n    .contact-item{display:flex;gap:.85rem;align-items:flex-start;min-width:220px;}\n    .contact-icon{font-size:1.3rem;line-height:1;margin-top:.1rem;flex-shrink:0;}\n    .contact-item__label{font-family:var(--fh);font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#636B78;margin-bottom:.15rem;}\n    .contact-item__val{font-family:var(--fb);font-size:1rem;color:#1C2430;}\n    .contact-item__val a{color:#00629A;text-decoration:underline;}\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n   ELEMENTOR CONTAINMENT RESETS\n   Prevents Elementor wrapper styles from bleeding into our\n   custom HTML content blocks.\n\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n\n\/* Zero out all padding\/margin\/gap\/background on every Elementor wrapper *\/\n.elementor-widget-container,\n.elementor-widget-wrap,\n.elementor-widget-wrap > .elementor-element,\n.elementor-section .elementor-container,\n.elementor-section .elementor-row,\n.e-con,\n.e-con-inner,\n.e-child,\n.e-con > .e-con-inner {\n    padding: 0 !important;\n    margin: 0 !important;\n    gap: 0 !important;\n    background: transparent !important;\n    background-color: transparent !important;\n    background-image: none !important;\n    border: none !important;\n    box-shadow: none !important;\n    max-width: none !important;\n    width: 100% !important;\n}\n\n\/* Section-level Elementor wrappers *\/\n.elementor-section,\n.elementor-top-section,\n.elementor-inner-section {\n    padding: 0 !important;\n    margin: 0 !important;\n    background: transparent !important;\n    background-color: transparent !important;\n    background-image: none !important;\n}\n\n\/* Strip Elementor heading color overrides *\/\n.elementor-widget-container h1,\n.elementor-widget-container h2,\n.elementor-widget-container h3,\n.elementor-widget-container h4,\n.elementor-widget-container h5,\n.elementor-widget-container p,\n.elementor-widget-container a {\n    color: inherit !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Dark section hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n   .hero and .cta-band.dk MUST stay dark regardless of\n   Elementor theme color injection.\n\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.hero,\n.hero * {\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.hero__inner {\n    justify-items: center !important;\n    text-align: center !important;\n}\n.hero__inner > div {\n    display: flex !important;\n    flex-direction: column !important;\n    align-items: center !important;\n    text-align: center !important;\n    max-width: 780px !important;\n    margin: 0 auto !important;\n}\n.hero__btns {\n    justify-content: center !important;\n}\n.hero__desc {\n    max-width: 640px !important;\n    margin-left: auto !important;\n    margin-right: auto !important;\n}\n.hero__tag {\n    display: inline-block !important;\n}\n.hero {\n    background-color: #00152E !important;\n    background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #00152E 0%, #002147 60%, #003366 100%) !important;\n    position: relative !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk {\n    background-color: #002147 !important;\n    background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #00152E 0%, #002147 100%) !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk * {\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk .btn--primary {\n    background-color: #00659E !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk .btn--outline-white {\n    border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6) !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Section background hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.sec {\n    background-color: #FFFFFF !important;\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n.sec--off {\n    background-color: #F3F7FB !important;\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n.sec--surface {\n    background-color: #E6EEF6 !important;\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Text color hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.sec .sec-title,\n.sec .sec-eyebrow,\n.sec h2,\n.sec h3 {\n    color: #002147 !important;\n}\n.sec p,\n.sec li,\n.sec dd,\n.sec dt {\n    color: #4A5060 !important;\n}\n.sec a {\n    color: #00629A !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 About section hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.about-facts {\n    background: #E6EEF6 !important;\n    border-radius: 8px !important;\n    padding: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.5rem) !important;\n}\n.about-facts__title {\n    color: #00629A !important;\n    font-weight: 700 !important;\n}\n.about-facts dl dt {\n    color: #636B78 !important;\n    text-transform: uppercase !important;\n    font-size: .72rem !important;\n    letter-spacing: .08em !important;\n    font-weight: 700 !important;\n}\n.about-facts dl dd {\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n    font-size: .97rem !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Card hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.card {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n    border-radius: 8px !important;\n}\n.card__eyebrow { color: #00629A !important; }\n.card__title   { color: #002147 !important; }\n.card__text    { color: #4A5060 !important; }\n.card__link    { color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Faculty card hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.faculty-card {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n    border-radius: 8px !important;\n}\n.faculty-card__name  { color: #002147 !important; }\n.faculty-card__title { color: #636B78 !important; }\n.faculty-card__contact, \n.faculty-card__contact a { color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Resource list hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.resource-item {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n    border-bottom-color: #C2D4E6 !important;\n}\n.resource-item__name { color: #002147 !important; }\n.resource-item__desc { color: #4A5060 !important; }\n.resource-item__link { color: #00629A !important; border-color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Program card hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.program-card {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n    border-radius: 8px !important;\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n.program-card__name  { color: #002147 !important; }\n.program-card__level { color: #636B78 !important; }\n.program-card__dot   { background: #008ED6 !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Tab hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.tabs__btn {\n    background: transparent !important;\n    color: #002147 !important;\n    border-color: #C2D4E6 !important;\n}\n.tabs__btn[aria-selected=\"true\"] {\n    background: #002147 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border-color: #002147 !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Accordion hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.accordion__trigger {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    color: #002147 !important;\n    border-color: #C2D4E6 !important;\n}\n.accordion__trigger[aria-expanded=\"true\"] {\n    background: #002147 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.accordion__body { \n    background: #FFFFFF !important; \n    color: #4A5060 !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Nav drawer hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.fnav-drawer {\n    background: #002147 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.fnav-drawer__header {\n    background: #00152E !important;\n    border-bottom-color: rgba(0,142,214,0.3) !important;\n}\n.fnav-drawer__title { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.fnav-drawer__eyebrow { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n.fnav-item { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85) !important; }\n.fnav-item.is-active,\n.fnav-item:hover { color: #FFFFFF !important; background: rgba(0,142,214,0.2) !important; }\n.fnav-group__label { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n.fnav-drawer__footer { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.fnav-footer-link { color: #FFFFFF !important; text-decoration: none; }\n.fnav-footer-link:hover { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Hero text hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.hero__tag     { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n.hero__title   { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.hero__desc    { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85) !important; }\n.hero__btns .btn--primary       { background-color: #00659E !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.hero__btns .btn--outline-white { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6) !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Breadcrumb hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.breadcrumb { background: #002147 !important; }\n.breadcrumb a, .breadcrumb span { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75) !important; }\n.breadcrumb [aria-current=\"page\"] { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Contact section hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.contact-items { color: #1C2430 !important; }\n.contact-item__label { color: #636B78 !important; }\n.contact-item__val   { color: #1C2430 !important; }\n.contact-item__val a { color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Skip link \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.skip-link:focus {\n    background: #008ED6 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 BTT button \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.jsu-btt {\n    background: #00659E !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Menu toggle \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.fnav-toggle {\n    background: #002147 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.fnav-toggle:hover { background: #007ABB !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 WCAG: Ensure minimum contrast on all body text \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\nbody { \n    background-color: #FFFFFF !important; \n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 TICKER STRIP \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.ticker-wrap{\n    background:#00152E;\n    border-top:1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.25);\n    border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.25);\n    overflow:hidden;\n    padding:.55rem 0;\n    position:relative;\n}\n.ticker-wrap::before,\n.ticker-wrap::after{\n    content:'';\n    position:absolute;\n    top:0;bottom:0;\n    width:80px;\n    z-index:2;\n    pointer-events:none;\n}\n.ticker-wrap::before{\n    left:0;\n    background:linear-gradient(to right,#00152E,transparent);\n}\n.ticker-wrap::after{\n    right:0;\n    background:linear-gradient(to left,#00152E,transparent);\n}\n.ticker-label{\n    position:absolute;\n    left:0;top:50%;\n    transform:translateY(-50%);\n    background:#008ED6;\n    color:#FFFFFF;\n    font-family:var(--fh);\n    font-size:.65rem;\n    font-weight:700;\n    letter-spacing:.12em;\n    text-transform:uppercase;\n    padding:.35rem .75rem;\n    z-index:3;\n    white-space:nowrap;\n}\n.ticker-track{\n    display:flex;\n    align-items:center;\n    gap:0;\n    width:max-content;\n    animation:ticker-scroll 40s linear infinite;\n    padding-left:160px;\n}\n.ticker-track:hover{animation-play-state:paused;}\n.ticker-item{\n    display:inline-flex;\n    align-items:center;\n    gap:.5rem;\n    white-space:nowrap;\n    padding:0 1.5rem;\n    font-family:var(--fh);\n    font-size:.78rem;\n    font-weight:500;\n    color:rgba(255,255,255,.75);\n    transition:color .2s;\n    text-decoration:none;\n}\n.ticker-item:hover{color:#3DB4F0;}\n.ticker-item::before{\n    content:'';\n    display:inline-block;\n    width:4px;height:4px;\n    border-radius:50%;\n    background:#008ED6;\n    flex-shrink:0;\n}\n@keyframes ticker-scroll{\n    0%{transform:translateX(0);}\n    100%{transform:translateX(-50%);}\n}\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){\n    .ticker-track{animation:none;overflow-x:auto;}\n}\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 HERO CENTERING \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.hero__inner{\n    justify-items:center;\n    text-align:center;\n}\n.hero__inner > div{\n    display:flex;\n    flex-direction:column;\n    align-items:center;\n    text-align:center;\n    max-width:780px;\n    margin:0 auto;\n}\n.hero__desc{\n    max-width:640px;\n    margin-left:auto;\n    margin-right:auto;\n}\n.hero__btns{\n    justify-content:center;\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Visually hidden elements \u2014 explicit colors for accessibility checkers \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.sr-only,\n.visually-hidden {\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n    background-color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Screen-reader-only toggle label \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.fnav-toggle__label {\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Skip link always has explicit colors \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.skip-link {\n    background-color: #00659E !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Breadcrumb: sit flush below global header \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\nbody {\n    padding-top: 65px !important;\n    background-color: #002147 !important;\n}\n.breadcrumb {\n    margin-top: 0 !important;\n    scroll-margin-top: 65px !important;\n}\n#main-content {\n    scroll-margin-top: 65px !important;\n}\n.admin-bar body { padding-top: 97px !important; }\n.admin-bar .breadcrumb { scroll-margin-top: 97px !important; }\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Hero: full viewport height \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.hero {\n    min-height: 100vh !important;\n    height: 100vh !important;\n    display: flex !important;\n    align-items: center !important;\n    justify-content: center !important;\n    padding: 0 !important;\n    position: relative !important;\n}\n.hero__inner {\n    justify-items: center !important;\n    text-align: center !important;\n    padding: clamp(2rem, 4vh, 5rem) 0 !important;\n    width: 100% !important;\n}\n\n\n\/* 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{\n    background: #00152E;\n    padding: .3rem 0;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.2);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__top-inner {\n    max-width: 1340px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    padding: 0 clamp(1.25rem,4vw,3rem);\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: space-between;\n    gap: 1rem;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__util-links {\n    display: flex;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n    gap: .15rem .75rem;\n    list-style: none;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__util-links a {\n    font-family: var(--fh);\n    font-size: .68rem;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.65);\n    text-decoration: none;\n    letter-spacing: .02em;\n    transition: color .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__util-links a:hover { color: #3DB4F0; }\n.jsu-global-nav__ctas {\n    display: flex;\n    gap: .4rem;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta {\n    font-family: var(--fh);\n    font-size: .72rem;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    letter-spacing: .05em;\n    text-decoration: none;\n    padding: .3rem .85rem;\n    border-radius: 4px;\n    transition: background .15s, color .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--apply {\n    background: #00659E;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--apply:hover { background: #007ABB; }\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--visit {\n    background: transparent;\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.8);\n    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--visit:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.08); color: #FFFFFF; }\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--give {\n    background: #3DB4F0;\n    color: #002147;\n    font-weight: 800;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--give:hover { background: #6DC8F5; }\n\n.jsu-global-nav__main {\n    max-width: 1340px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    padding: 0 clamp(1.25rem,4vw,3rem);\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: space-between;\n    height: 64px;\n    gap: 1.5rem;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: .65rem;\n    text-decoration: none;\n    flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-mark {\n    width: 44px;\n    height: 44px;\n    border-radius: 6px;\n    background: #FFFFFF;\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: center;\n    flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-mark span {\n    font-family: var(--fh);\n    font-weight: 900;\n    font-size: 1.05rem;\n    color: #002147;\n    letter-spacing: -.03em;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-text { line-height: 1.15; }\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-text strong {\n    display: block;\n    font-family: var(--fh);\n    font-weight: 800;\n    font-size: .88rem;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    letter-spacing: .01em;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-text span {\n    font-family: var(--fh);\n    font-size: .62rem;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    letter-spacing: .14em;\n    text-transform: uppercase;\n    color: #3DB4F0;\n}\n\n.jsu-global-nav__menu {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 0;\n    list-style: none;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li {\n    position: relative;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > a,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > button {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: .3rem;\n    font-family: var(--fh);\n    font-size: .82rem;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.85);\n    text-decoration: none;\n    padding: .55rem .75rem;\n    border-radius: 6px;\n    background: none;\n    border: none;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    transition: color .15s, background .15s;\n    white-space: nowrap;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > a:hover,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > button:hover {\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    background: rgba(255,255,255,.08);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > a::after,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > button.has-sub::after {\n    content: '';\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 0; height: 0;\n    border-left: 4px solid transparent;\n    border-right: 4px solid transparent;\n    border-top: 4px solid currentColor;\n    opacity: .6;\n    margin-left: .2rem;\n    transition: transform .2s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:hover > button.has-sub::after,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:focus-within > button.has-sub::after {\n    transform: rotate(180deg);\n}\n\n\/* Dropdowns *\/\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown {\n    position: absolute;\n    top: calc(100% + 4px);\n    left: 0;\n    min-width: 220px;\n    background: #001736;\n    border: 1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.25);\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,.4);\n    padding: .5rem 0;\n    opacity: 0;\n    visibility: hidden;\n    transform: translateY(-8px);\n    transition: opacity .2s, visibility .2s, transform .2s;\n    z-index: 100;\n    list-style: none;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:hover .jsu-global-nav__dropdown,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:focus-within .jsu-global-nav__dropdown {\n    opacity: 1;\n    visibility: visible;\n    transform: translateY(0);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown a {\n    display: block;\n    padding: .5rem 1.1rem;\n    font-family: var(--fh);\n    font-size: .82rem;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.8);\n    text-decoration: none;\n    transition: color .15s, background .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown a:hover {\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    background: rgba(0,142,214,.15);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown .drop-group-label {\n    display: block;\n    padding: .65rem 1.1rem .25rem;\n    font-family: var(--fh);\n    font-size: .65rem;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    letter-spacing: .12em;\n    text-transform: uppercase;\n    color: #3DB4F0;\n    border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.2);\n    margin-top: .35rem;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown .drop-group-label:first-child {\n    border-top: none;\n    margin-top: 0;\n}\n\n\/* Mobile menu toggle *\/\n.jsu-global-nav__mob-btn {\n    display: none;\n    background: none;\n    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);\n    border-radius: 6px;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    padding: .45rem .65rem;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 1.15rem;\n    line-height: 1;\n    transition: background .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__mob-btn:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); }\n\n\/* Page body offset for fixed nav *\/\nbody { padding-top: 0 !important; }\n.breadcrumb {\n    margin-top: 104px !important; }\n.admin-bar .breadcrumb {\n    margin-top: 136px !important; }\n#main-content { scroll-margin-top: 104px !important; }\n\n\/* Sections scroll past nav *\/\n[id] { scroll-margin-top: 104px; }\n\n@media(max-width: 1024px) {\n    .jsu-global-nav__menu { display: none; }\n    .jsu-global-nav__mob-btn { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }\n}\n@media(max-width: 600px) {\n    .jsu-global-nav__logo-text { display: none; }\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550 PDF \/ Document Inline Viewer \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.doc-embed-wrap {\n    margin: 1.25rem 0;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6;\n    border-radius: 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.85rem;border-radius:4px;text-decoration:none;transition:background .15s;white-space:nowrap;}\n.pdf-btn--view{background:rgba(255,255,255,.15);color:#FFFFFF;}\n.pdf-btn--view:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,.25);}\n.pdf-btn--dl{background:#00659E;color:#FFFFFF;}\n.pdf-btn--dl:hover{background:#007ABB;}\n.pdf-embed-frame{display:block;background:#F3F7FB;width:100%;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-radius:0 0 8px 8px;}\n\n<\/style>\n<style>\n\/* Card layout \u2014 supplies rules absent from JSU_2026_Page_Template.html *\/\n.cards-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(280px,1fr));\n  gap:1.25rem;align-items:stretch;}\n.card{background:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-radius:8px;\n  display:flex;flex-direction:column;overflow:hidden;}\n.card__body{padding:1.5rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100%;}\n.card__title{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:1.05rem;font-weight:700;\n  color:#002147;line-height:1.4;margin:0;}\n@media(max-width:600px){.cards-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}\n\n\/* Primary buttons inside a .sec \u2014 see TEMPLATE BUG note above *\/\n.sec a.btn--primary{color:#FFFFFF !important;}\n\n\/* Numbered objectives \u2014 out-specifies the template's blanket `.sec ol` *\/\n.sec ol.obj-list{list-style:none;counter-reset:obj;padding-left:0;margin:1.25rem 0 0;\n  display:grid;gap:.65rem;}\n.sec ol.obj-list li{counter-increment:obj;position:relative;background:#FFFFFF;\n  border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-radius:8px;padding:1.1rem 1.3rem 1.1rem 3.4rem;margin:0;\n  font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1.02rem;color:#4A5060 !important;\n  line-height:1.75;}\n.sec ol.obj-list li::before{content:counter(obj);position:absolute;left:1.05rem;top:1.05rem;\n  width:28px;height:28px;border-radius:50%;background:#00659E;color:#FFFFFF;\n  font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700;\n  display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;}\n\n\/* Document row *\/\n.doc-row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1rem;align-items:center;\n  justify-content:space-between;background:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;\n  border-left:4px solid #00659E;border-radius:8px;padding:1rem 1.2rem;margin:1.5rem 0 0;}\n.doc-row__name{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.95rem;font-weight:700;\n  color:#002147;margin-bottom:.2rem;}\n.doc-row__sub{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.78rem;color:#636B78;}\n.doc-row__link{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600;\n  color:#00629A;text-decoration:underline;white-space:nowrap;}\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<!-- SKIP LINK \u2014 required, first element in body -->\n<a href=\"#main-content\" class=\"skip-link\">Skip to main content<\/a>\n\n<!-- BREADCRUMB \u2014 JSU Home \u2192 CSET \u2192 Biology \u2192 this page -->\n<nav class=\"breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n<div class=\"w\"><ol class=\"breadcrumb__list\">\n  <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/\">JSU Home<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/cset2\/\">College of Science, Engineering and Technology<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/\">Department of Biology<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><span aria-current=\"page\">Undergraduate Program Objectives &amp; Overview<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<\/nav>\n\n<main id=\"main-content\" class=\"jsu-main-content\">\n\n  <!-- \u2500\u2500 HERO \u2014 100vh, no scroll hint. Titled from the page's slug and\n       browser title; both source h1s read \"Research Positions\/Other\". \u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n  <section class=\"hero dk\" aria-labelledby=\"hero-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\"><div class=\"hero__inner\"><div>\n    <span class=\"hero__tag\">DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY &mdash; CSET<\/span>\n    <h1 class=\"hero__title\" id=\"hero-h\">\n      Undergraduate program <em>objectives &amp; overview<\/em>\n    <\/h1>\n    <p class=\"hero__desc\">\n      The Department of Biology offers a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology, with objectives\n      spanning biological principles, communication, research, and pre-professional preparation for\n      the health sciences.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"hero__btns\">\n      <a href=\"#a\" class=\"btn btn--primary\">Program Objectives<\/a>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/studentsuccess\/degree-and-majors\/\" class=\"btn btn--outline-white\">Curriculum Sheets<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- \u2500\u2500 ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n  <section class=\"sec\" id=\"overview\" aria-labelledby=\"overview-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\"><div class=\"about-grid\">\n\n    <div class=\"about-body\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">About<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"overview-h\">Biology at Jackson State University<\/h2>\n      <p>\n        The Department of Biology is an integral component in the vibrant and esteemed College of\n        Science, Engineering, and Technology at Jackson State University, the urban university of\n        Mississippi. Designated by the Carnegie Foundation as a research-intensive university,\n        Jackson State University offers Biology to study the basic science of life and the\n        foundation of life science studies.\n      <\/p>\n      <p>\n        Courses in Biology serve as stepping stones for students preparing for careers in basic\n        science research, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, biotechnology, environmental and marine\n        sciences, in addition to many health-related disciplines and professions.\n      <\/p>\n      <p>\n        Jackson State University&rsquo;s degree options in Biology are designed to prepare students\n        for graduate or professional studies, as well as for entering the job market. Students can\n        elect to specialize in:\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"about-facts\">\n      <dl>\n        <div><dt>Degree Offered<\/dt><dd>Bachelor of Science in Biology<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>College<\/dt><dd>Science, Engineering and Technology<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Program Objectives<\/dt><dd>7<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Specializations<\/dt><dd>4<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Location<\/dt><dd>John A. Peoples Science Building, Room 335<\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Phone<\/dt><dd><a href=\"tel:+16019792586\">(601) 979-2586<\/a><\/dd><\/div>\n        <div><dt>Email<\/dt><dd><a href=\"mailto:biologydept@jsums.edu\">biologydept@jsums.edu<\/a><\/dd><\/div>\n      <\/dl>\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"w\" style=\"margin-top:1.5rem;\">\n    <div class=\"program-list\">\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Environmental Science<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Marine Biology<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Pre-Health Careers (Dentistry, Medicine, Optometry, etc.)<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"program-card\">\n        <div class=\"program-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n        <div><div class=\"program-card__name\">Pre-Health Career Prerequisites (Pre-Dental, Hygiene, Pre-Nursing)<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- \u2500\u2500 PROGRAM OBJECTIVES \u2014 id=\"a\" preserves the inbound menu anchor \u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n  <section class=\"sec sec--off\" id=\"a\" aria-labelledby=\"objectives-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Undergraduate Curriculum<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"objectives-h\">Program objectives<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"sec-body\">\n        The objectives of the Department of Biology are as follows.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div style=\"max-width:900px;\">\n      <ol class=\"obj-list\">\n        <li>To develop the students&rsquo; understanding of the basic biological principles.<\/li>\n        <li>To help students think logically and communicate clearly.<\/li>\n        <li>To help students become conscious of social problems especially those relevant to the life sciences.<\/li>\n        <li>To prepare students for careers in the life sciences, teaching, and graduate studies.<\/li>\n        <li>To provide a strong pre-professional foundation for medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, optometry, physical therapy, dental hygiene, medical technology, nursing and medical records administration.<\/li>\n        <li>To engage in basic and applied research that benefits the local and scientific community.<\/li>\n        <li>To offer introductory biology courses to non-biology majors in order to fulfill their general education requirements.<\/li>\n      <\/ol>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- \u2500\u2500 PROGRAM OVERVIEW \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n  <section class=\"sec\" id=\"program\" aria-labelledby=\"program-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Program Overview<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"program-h\">The Bachelor of Science in Biology<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"sec-body\">\n        The Department of Biology currently offers a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div style=\"max-width:900px;\">\n      <div class=\"doc-row\">\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"doc-row__name\">Curriculum Sheets<\/div>\n          <div class=\"doc-row__sub\">Degrees and majors &middot; Office for Student Success<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/studentsuccess\/degree-and-majors\/\" class=\"doc-row__link\">Open &rarr;<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- \u2500\u2500 DEPARTMENT \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n  <section class=\"sec sec--off\" id=\"department\" aria-labelledby=\"department-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Department of Biology<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"department-h\">More from the department<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"resource-list\">\n      <div class=\"resource-item\">\n        <div class=\"resource-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#128218;<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__name\">Prospective Students<\/div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__desc\">Degree options, requirements, and scholarships.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/prospective-students\/\" class=\"resource-item__link\">View &rarr;<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"resource-item\">\n        <div class=\"resource-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#127891;<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__name\">Graduate Curriculum<\/div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__desc\">Graduate study in Biology.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/graduate-curriculum\/#c\" class=\"resource-item__link\">View &rarr;<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"resource-item\">\n        <div class=\"resource-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#128100;<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__name\">Biology Faculty<\/div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__desc\">All faculty in the Department of Biology.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/faculty\/#a\" class=\"resource-item__link\">View &rarr;<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"resource-item\">\n        <div class=\"resource-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#128188;<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__name\">Office Staff<\/div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__desc\">Departmental office staff.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/staff\/office-staff\/\" class=\"resource-item__link\">View &rarr;<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"resource-item\">\n        <div class=\"resource-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#128300;<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__name\">Research<\/div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__desc\">Research in the Department of Biology.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/#Research\" class=\"resource-item__link\">View &rarr;<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"resource-item\">\n        <div class=\"resource-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#127979;<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__name\">College of Science, Engineering and Technology<\/div>\n          <div class=\"resource-item__desc\">The wider college.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/cset2\/\" class=\"resource-item__link\">View &rarr;<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <figure style=\"margin:3rem auto 0;max-width:520px;\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2026\/10\/mushrooms.jpg\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/files\/2022\/12\/mushrooms-300x205.jpg\"\n             alt=\"Mushrooms growing on a forest floor.\" loading=\"lazy\"\n             style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;\n                    border-radius:8px;background:#F3F7FB;\" title=\"Undergraduate Program Objectives Overview Department of Biology\">\n      <\/a>\n    <\/figure>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- \u2500\u2500 CTA BAND \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n  <section class=\"cta-band dk\" aria-labelledby=\"cta-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\"><div class=\"cta-band__inner\">\n    <div>\n      <h2 class=\"cta-band__title\" id=\"cta-h\">Ready to join?<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"cta-band__sub\">\n        We look forward to meeting with you and seeing how our program can help you achieve\n        your goals.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"cta-band__btns\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/apply\/\" class=\"btn btn--primary\">Apply Now<\/a>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/prospective-students\/\" class=\"btn btn--outline-white\">Prospective Students<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div><\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- \u2500\u2500 CONTACT \u2014 always the final section of main \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n  <section class=\"sec sec--surface\" id=\"contact\" aria-labelledby=\"contact-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-bottom:1.5rem;\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Get in Touch<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"contact-h\">Department of Biology<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"sec-body\">\n        For more information, please contact us at (601) 979-2586 or submit your questions and\n        requests to <a href=\"mailto:biologydept@jsums.edu\">biologydept@jsums.edu<\/a>.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"contact-items\">\n      <div class=\"contact-item\">\n        <div class=\"contact-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#128205;<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__label\">Location<\/div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__val\">\n            John A. Peoples Science Building, Room 335\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"contact-item\">\n        <div class=\"contact-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#9993;<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__label\">Mailing Address<\/div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__val\">\n            Department of Biology<br>\n            1400 J.R. Lynch St.<br>\n            P.O. Box 18540<br>\n            Jackson, MS 39217\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"contact-item\">\n        <div class=\"contact-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#128222;<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__label\">Phone<\/div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__val\"><a href=\"tel:+16019792586\">(601) 979-2586<\/a><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"contact-item\">\n        <div class=\"contact-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#128231;<\/div>\n        <div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__label\">Email<\/div>\n          <div class=\"contact-item__val\">\n            <a href=\"mailto:biologydept@jsums.edu\">biologydept@jsums.edu<\/a>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n<\/main><!-- end of main content -->\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 NAV DRAWER \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<button class=\"fnav-toggle\"\n        aria-label=\"Open page navigation menu\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"fnav-drawer\" type=\"button\">\n  <span class=\"fnav-toggle__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#9776;<\/span>\n  <span class=\"fnav-toggle__label\">Menu<\/span>\n<\/button>\n\n<div class=\"fnav-overlay\" id=\"fnav-overlay\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n\n<nav class=\"fnav-drawer\" id=\"fnav-drawer\" aria-label=\"Page navigation\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n  <div class=\"fnav-drawer__header\">\n    <div>\n      <span class=\"fnav-drawer__eyebrow\">College of Science, Engineering &amp; Technology<\/span>\n      <span class=\"fnav-drawer__title\">Department of Biology<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <button class=\"fnav-close\" aria-label=\"Close navigation menu\" type=\"button\">&times;<\/button>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"fnav-drawer__body\">\n    <div class=\"fnav-group\">\n      <ul class=\"fnav-group__items\" role=\"list\">\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Department Home<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/#About\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">About<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/prospective-students\/\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Prospective Students<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li style=\"padding-left:1.25rem;\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/prospective-students\/#Expect\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">General Requirements<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li style=\"padding-left:1.25rem;\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/undergraduate-program-objectives-overview\/\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"page\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Undergraduate Curriculum<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li style=\"padding-left:1.25rem;\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/graduate-curriculum\/#c\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Graduate Curriculum<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li style=\"padding-left:1.25rem;\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/#Career\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Career Opportunities<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/#Personnel\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Personnel<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li style=\"padding-left:1.25rem;\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/faculty\/#a\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Faculty<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li style=\"padding-left:1.25rem;\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/staff\/office-staff\/\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Office Staff<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/#Research\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Research<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/#Resources\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Resources<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"#contact\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Contact Us<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/cset2\/\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n            <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">CSET Home<\/span>\n          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <!-- IMPORTANT: color:#FFFFFF !important is required \u2014 do not remove -->\n  <div class=\"fnav-drawer__footer\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.edu\/biology\/\" class=\"fnav-footer-link\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF !important;\">\n      &#8592; Department of Biology\n    <\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/nav>\n\n<!-- Back to top button \u2014 do not remove, JS controls visibility -->\n<button class=\"jsu-btt\" id=\"jsu-btt\" aria-label=\"Back to top\" type=\"button\">&#8679;<\/button>\n\n<script>\n(function(){\n'use strict';\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Year \u2500\u2500 *\/\nvar yr=document.getElementById('year');\nif(yr)yr.textContent=new Date().getFullYear();\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Drawer Nav \u2500\u2500 *\/\nvar toggle=document.querySelector('.fnav-toggle'),\n    drawer=document.getElementById('fnav-drawer'),\n    overlay=document.getElementById('fnav-overlay'),\n    closeBtn=document.querySelector('.fnav-close'),\n    navLinks=document.querySelectorAll('.fnav-item[href^=\"#\"]'),\n    isOpen=false;\n\nfunction openD(){\n  isOpen=true;\n  drawer.classList.add('is-open');\n  overlay.classList.add('is-open');\n  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