{"id":5,"date":"2026-04-07T21:46:35","date_gmt":"2026-04-07T21:46:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/live-jsums-2026.pantheonsite.io\/home-2\/"},"modified":"2026-07-08T20:27:52","modified_gmt":"2026-07-08T20:27:52","slug":"home-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\nDepartment of History and Philosophy \u00b7 Jackson State University<\/title>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/\">\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin=\"\">\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Sora:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&family=Crimson+Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n<style>\n*,*::before,*::after{margin:0;padding:0;box-sizing:border-box;}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;}\nbody{font-family:'Crimson 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#5BAADC;outline-offset:3px;}\n.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0;color:#1C2430;background:#FFFFFF;}\n.resource-list{display:grid;gap:.75rem;}\n.resource-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem;padding:1rem 1.25rem;background:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-radius:8px;transition:border-color .2s;}\n.resource-item:hover{border-color:#008ED6;}\n.resource-icon{font-size:1.5rem;flex-shrink:0;}\n.resource-item__name{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:.92rem;color:#002147;}\n.resource-item__desc{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:.9rem;color:#636B78;}\n.resource-item__link{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600;color:#00629A;text-decoration:underline;margin-left:auto;white-space:nowrap;flex-shrink:0;}\n@media(max-width:900px){.about-grid,.contact-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}.footer__grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;}.hero__inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;}.hero__stat-band{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;min-width:0;}}\n@media(max-width:600px){.footer__grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}.cta-band__inner{flex-direction:column;}}\n\n .contact-items{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:2.5rem;margin-top:0;}\n .contact-item{display:flex;gap:.85rem;align-items:flex-start;min-width:220px;}\n .contact-icon{font-size:1.3rem;line-height:1;margin-top:.1rem;flex-shrink:0;}\n .contact-item__label{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#636B78;margin-bottom:.15rem;}\n .contact-item__val{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1rem;color:#1C2430;}\n .contact-item__val a{color:#00629A;text-decoration:underline;}\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n ELEMENTOR CONTAINMENT RESETS\n Prevents Elementor wrapper styles from bleeding into our\n custom HTML content blocks.\n\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n\n\/* Zero out all padding\/margin\/gap\/background on every Elementor wrapper *\/\n.elementor-widget-container,\n.elementor-widget-wrap,\n.elementor-widget-wrap > .elementor-element,\n.elementor-section .elementor-container,\n.elementor-section .elementor-row,\n.e-con,\n.e-con-inner,\n.e-child,\n.e-con > .e-con-inner {\n padding: 0 !important;\n margin: 0 !important;\n gap: 0 !important;\n background: transparent !important;\n background-color: transparent !important;\n background-image: none !important;\n border: none !important;\n box-shadow: none !important;\n max-width: none !important;\n width: 100% !important;\n}\n\n\/* Section-level Elementor wrappers *\/\n.elementor-section,\n.elementor-top-section,\n.elementor-inner-section {\n padding: 0 !important;\n margin: 0 !important;\n background: transparent !important;\n background-color: transparent !important;\n background-image: none !important;\n}\n\n\/* Strip Elementor heading color overrides *\/\n.elementor-widget-container h1,\n.elementor-widget-container h2,\n.elementor-widget-container h3,\n.elementor-widget-container h4,\n.elementor-widget-container h5,\n.elementor-widget-container p,\n.elementor-widget-container a {\n color: inherit !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Dark section hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n .hero and .cta-band.dk MUST stay dark regardless of\n Elementor theme color injection.\n\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.hero,\n.hero * {\n color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.hero__inner {\n justify-items: center !important;\n text-align: center !important;\n}\n.hero__inner > div {\n display: flex !important;\n flex-direction: column !important;\n align-items: center !important;\n text-align: center !important;\n max-width: 780px !important;\n margin: 0 auto !important;\n}\n.hero__btns {\n justify-content: center !important;\n}\n.hero__desc {\n max-width: 640px !important;\n margin-left: auto !important;\n margin-right: auto !important;\n}\n.hero__tag {\n display: inline-block !important;\n}\n.hero {\n background-color: #00152E !important;\n background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #00152E 0%, #002147 60%, #003366 100%) !important;\n position: relative !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk {\n background-color: #002147 !important;\n background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #00152E 0%, #002147 100%) !important;\n color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk * {\n color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk .btn--primary {\n background-color: #00659E !important;\n color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk .btn--outline-white {\n border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6) !important;\n color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Section background hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.sec {\n background-color: #FFFFFF !important;\n color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n.sec--off {\n background-color: #F3F7FB !important;\n color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n.sec--surface {\n background-color: #E6EEF6 !important;\n color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Text color hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.sec .sec-title,\n.sec .sec-eyebrow,\n.sec h2,\n.sec h3 {\n color: #002147;\n}\n.sec p,\n.sec li,\n.sec dd,\n.sec dt {\n color: #4A5060;\n}\n.sec a {\n color: #00629A;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 About section hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.about-facts {\n background: #E6EEF6 !important;\n border-radius: 8px !important;\n padding: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.5rem) !important;\n}\n.about-facts__title {\n color: #00629A !important;\n font-weight: 700 !important;\n}\n.about-facts dl dt {\n color: #636B78 !important;\n text-transform: uppercase !important;\n font-size: .72rem !important;\n letter-spacing: .08em !important;\n font-weight: 700 !important;\n}\n.about-facts dl dd {\n color: #1C2430 !important;\n font-size: .97rem !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Card hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.card {\n background: #FFFFFF !important;\n border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n border-radius: 8px !important;\n}\n.card__eyebrow { color: #00629A !important; }\n.card__title { color: #002147 !important; }\n.card__text { color: #4A5060 !important; }\n.card__link { color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Faculty card hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.faculty-card {\n background: #FFFFFF !important;\n border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n border-radius: 8px !important;\n}\n.faculty-card__name { color: #002147 !important; }\n.faculty-card__title { color: #636B78 !important; }\n.faculty-card__contact, \n.faculty-card__contact a { color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Resource list hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.resource-item {\n background: #FFFFFF !important;\n border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n border-bottom-color: #C2D4E6 !important;\n}\n.resource-item__name { color: #002147 !important; }\n.resource-item__desc { color: #4A5060 !important; }\n.resource-item__link { color: #00629A !important; border-color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Program card hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.program-card {\n background: #FFFFFF !important;\n border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n border-radius: 8px !important;\n color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n.program-card__name { color: #002147 !important; }\n.program-card__level { color: #636B78 !important; }\n.program-card__dot { background: #008ED6 !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Tab hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.tabs__btn {\n background: transparent !important;\n color: #002147 !important;\n border-color: #C2D4E6 !important;\n}\n.tabs__btn[aria-selected=\"true\"] {\n background: #002147 !important;\n color: #FFFFFF !important;\n border-color: #002147 !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Accordion hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.accordion__trigger {\n background: #FFFFFF !important;\n color: #002147 !important;\n border-color: #C2D4E6 !important;\n}\n.accordion__trigger[aria-expanded=\"true\"] {\n background: #002147 !important;\n color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.accordion__body { \n background: #FFFFFF !important; \n color: #4A5060 !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Nav drawer hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.fnav-drawer {\n background: #002147 !important;\n color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.fnav-drawer__header {\n background: #00152E !important;\n border-bottom-color: rgba(0,142,214,0.3) !important;\n}\n.fnav-drawer__title { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.fnav-drawer__eyebrow { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n.fnav-item { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85) !important; }\n.fnav-item.is-active,\n.fnav-item:hover { color: #FFFFFF !important; background: rgba(0,142,214,0.2) !important; }\n.fnav-group__label { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n.fnav-drawer__footer { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.fnav-footer-link { color: #FFFFFF !important; text-decoration: none; }\n.fnav-footer-link:hover { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Hero text hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.hero__tag { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n.hero__title { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.hero__desc { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85) !important; }\n.hero__btns .btn--primary { background-color: #00659E !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.hero__btns .btn--outline-white { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6) !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Breadcrumb hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.breadcrumb { background: #002147 !important; }\n.breadcrumb a, .breadcrumb span { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75) !important; }\n.breadcrumb [aria-current=\"page\"] { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Contact section hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.contact-items { color: #1C2430 !important; }\n.contact-item__label { color: #636B78 !important; }\n.contact-item__val { color: #1C2430 !important; }\n.contact-item__val a { color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Skip link \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.skip-link:focus {\n background: #008ED6 !important;\n color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 BTT button \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.jsu-btt {\n background: #00659E !important;\n color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Menu toggle \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.fnav-toggle {\n background: #002147 !important;\n color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.fnav-toggle:hover { background: #007ABB !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 WCAG: Ensure minimum contrast on all body text \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\nbody { \n background-color: #FFFFFF !important; \n color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 TICKER STRIP \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.ticker-wrap{\n background:#00152E;\n border-top:1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.25);\n border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.25);\n overflow:hidden;\n padding:.55rem 0;\n position:relative;\n}\n.ticker-wrap::before,\n.ticker-wrap::after{\n content:'';\n position:absolute;\n top:0;bottom:0;\n width:80px;\n z-index:2;\n pointer-events:none;\n}\n.ticker-wrap::before{\n left:0;\n background:linear-gradient(to right,#00152E,transparent);\n}\n.ticker-wrap::after{\n right:0;\n background:linear-gradient(to left,#00152E,transparent);\n}\n.ticker-label{\n position:absolute;\n left:0;top:50%;\n transform:translateY(-50%);\n background:#008ED6;\n color:#FFFFFF;\n font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;\n font-size:.65rem;\n font-weight:700;\n letter-spacing:.12em;\n text-transform:uppercase;\n padding:.35rem .75rem;\n z-index:3;\n white-space:nowrap;\n}\n.ticker-track{\n display:flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:0;\n width:max-content;\n animation:ticker-scroll 40s linear infinite;\n padding-left:160px;\n}\n.ticker-track:hover{animation-play-state:paused;}\n.ticker-item{\n display:inline-flex;\n align-items:center;\n gap:.5rem;\n white-space:nowrap;\n padding:0 1.5rem;\n font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;\n font-size:.78rem;\n font-weight:500;\n color:rgba(255,255,255,.75);\n transition:color .2s;\n text-decoration:none;\n}\n.ticker-item:hover{color:#3DB4F0;}\n.ticker-item::before{\n content:'';\n display:inline-block;\n width:4px;height:4px;\n border-radius:50%;\n background:#008ED6;\n flex-shrink:0;\n}\n@keyframes ticker-scroll{\n 0%{transform:translateX(0);}\n 100%{transform:translateX(-50%);}\n}\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){\n .ticker-track{animation:none;overflow-x:auto;}\n}\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 HERO CENTERING \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.hero__inner{\n justify-items:center;\n text-align:center;\n}\n.hero__inner > div{\n display:flex;\n flex-direction:column;\n align-items:center;\n text-align:center;\n max-width:780px;\n margin:0 auto;\n}\n.hero__desc{\n max-width:640px;\n margin-left:auto;\n margin-right:auto;\n}\n.hero__btns{\n justify-content:center;\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Visually hidden elements \u2014 explicit colors for accessibility checkers \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.sr-only,\n.visually-hidden {\n color: #1C2430 !important;\n background-color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Screen-reader-only toggle label \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.fnav-toggle__label {\n color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Skip link always has explicit colors \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.skip-link {\n background-color: #00659E !important;\n color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Breadcrumb: sit flush below global header \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\nbody {\n padding-top: 65px !important;\n background-color: #002147 !important;\n}\n.breadcrumb {\n margin-top: 0 !important;\n scroll-margin-top: 65px !important;\n}\n#main-content {\n scroll-margin-top: 65px !important;\n}\n.admin-bar body { padding-top: 97px !important; }\n.admin-bar .breadcrumb { scroll-margin-top: 97px !important; }\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Hero: full viewport height \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.hero {\n min-height: 100vh !important;\n height: 100vh !important;\n display: flex !important;\n align-items: center !important;\n justify-content: center !important;\n padding: 0 !important;\n position: relative !important;\n}\n.hero__inner {\n justify-items: center !important;\n text-align: center !important;\n padding: clamp(2rem, 4vh, 5rem) 0 !important;\n width: 100% !important;\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n JSU GLOBAL NAVIGATION \u2014 matches jsums.edu exactly\n\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.jsu-global-nav {\n position: fixed;\n top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;\n z-index: 1000;\n background: #002147;\n box-shadow: 0 2px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.35);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__top {\n background: #00152E;\n padding: .3rem 0;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.2);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__top-inner {\n max-width: 1340px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n padding: 0 clamp(1.25rem,4vw,3rem);\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: space-between;\n gap: 1rem;\n flex-wrap: wrap;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__util-links {\n display: flex;\n flex-wrap: wrap;\n gap: .15rem .75rem;\n list-style: none;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__util-links a {\n font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n font-size: .68rem;\n font-weight: 500;\n color: rgba(255,255,255,.65);\n text-decoration: none;\n letter-spacing: .02em;\n transition: color .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__util-links a:hover { color: #3DB4F0; }\n.jsu-global-nav__ctas {\n display: flex;\n gap: .4rem;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta {\n font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n font-size: .72rem;\n font-weight: 700;\n letter-spacing: .05em;\n text-decoration: none;\n padding: .3rem .85rem;\n border-radius: 4px;\n transition: background .15s, color .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--apply {\n background: #00659E;\n color: #FFFFFF;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--apply:hover { background: #007ABB; }\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--visit {\n background: transparent;\n color: rgba(255,255,255,.8);\n border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--visit:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.08); color: #FFFFFF; }\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--give {\n background: #3DB4F0;\n color: #002147;\n font-weight: 800;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--give:hover { background: #6DC8F5; }\n\n.jsu-global-nav__main {\n max-width: 1340px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n padding: 0 clamp(1.25rem,4vw,3rem);\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: space-between;\n height: 64px;\n gap: 1.5rem;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: .65rem;\n text-decoration: none;\n flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-mark {\n width: 44px;\n height: 44px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n background: #FFFFFF;\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: center;\n flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-mark span {\n font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n font-weight: 900;\n font-size: 1.05rem;\n color: #002147;\n letter-spacing: -.03em;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-text { line-height: 1.15; }\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-text strong {\n display: block;\n font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n font-weight: 800;\n font-size: .88rem;\n color: #FFFFFF;\n letter-spacing: .01em;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-text span {\n font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n font-size: .62rem;\n font-weight: 500;\n letter-spacing: .14em;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n color: #3DB4F0;\n}\n\n.jsu-global-nav__menu {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 0;\n list-style: none;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li {\n position: relative;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > a,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > button {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: .3rem;\n font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n font-size: .82rem;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: rgba(255,255,255,.85);\n text-decoration: none;\n padding: .55rem .75rem;\n border-radius: 6px;\n background: none;\n border: none;\n cursor: pointer;\n transition: color .15s, background .15s;\n white-space: nowrap;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > a:hover,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > button:hover {\n color: #FFFFFF;\n background: rgba(255,255,255,.08);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > a::after,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > button.has-sub::after {\n content: '';\n display: inline-block;\n width: 0; height: 0;\n border-left: 4px solid transparent;\n border-right: 4px solid transparent;\n border-top: 4px solid currentColor;\n opacity: .6;\n margin-left: .2rem;\n transition: transform .2s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:hover > button.has-sub::after,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:focus-within > button.has-sub::after {\n transform: rotate(180deg);\n}\n\n\/* Dropdowns *\/\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown {\n position: absolute;\n top: calc(100% + 4px);\n left: 0;\n min-width: 220px;\n background: #001736;\n border: 1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.25);\n border-radius: 8px;\n box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,.4);\n padding: .5rem 0;\n opacity: 0;\n visibility: hidden;\n transform: translateY(-8px);\n transition: opacity .2s, visibility .2s, transform .2s;\n z-index: 100;\n list-style: none;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:hover .jsu-global-nav__dropdown,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:focus-within .jsu-global-nav__dropdown {\n opacity: 1;\n visibility: visible;\n transform: translateY(0);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown a {\n display: block;\n padding: .5rem 1.1rem;\n font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n font-size: .82rem;\n font-weight: 500;\n color: rgba(255,255,255,.8);\n text-decoration: none;\n transition: color .15s, background .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown a:hover {\n color: #FFFFFF;\n background: rgba(0,142,214,.15);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown .drop-group-label {\n display: block;\n padding: .65rem 1.1rem .25rem;\n font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n font-size: .65rem;\n font-weight: 700;\n letter-spacing: .12em;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n color: #3DB4F0;\n border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.2);\n margin-top: .35rem;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown .drop-group-label:first-child {\n border-top: none;\n margin-top: 0;\n}\n\n\/* Mobile menu toggle *\/\n.jsu-global-nav__mob-btn {\n display: none;\n background: none;\n border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);\n border-radius: 6px;\n color: #FFFFFF;\n padding: .45rem .65rem;\n cursor: pointer;\n font-size: 1.15rem;\n line-height: 1;\n transition: background .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__mob-btn:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); }\n\n\/* Page body offset for fixed nav *\/\nbody { padding-top: 0 !important; }\n.breadcrumb {\n margin-top: 54px !important; }\n.admin-bar .breadcrumb {\n margin-top: 46px !important; }\n#main-content { scroll-margin-top: 104px !important; }\n\n\/* Sections scroll past nav *\/\n[id] { scroll-margin-top: 104px; }\n\n@media(max-width: 1024px) {\n .jsu-global-nav__menu { display: none; }\n .jsu-global-nav__mob-btn { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }\n}\n@media(max-width: 600px) {\n .jsu-global-nav__logo-text { display: none; }\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550 PDF \/ Document Inline Viewer \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.doc-embed-wrap {\n margin: 1.25rem 0;\n border: 1px solid #C2D4E6;\n border-radius: 10px;\n overflow: hidden;\n background: #F3F7FB;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: space-between;\n padding: .6rem 1rem;\n background: #002147;\n gap: .75rem;\n flex-wrap: wrap;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__title {\n font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n font-size: .82rem;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #FFFFFF;\n flex: 1;\n min-width: 0;\n white-space: nowrap;\n overflow: hidden;\n text-overflow: ellipsis;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__actions {\n display: flex;\n gap: .4rem;\n flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn {\n font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n font-size: .72rem;\n font-weight: 700;\n letter-spacing: .04em;\n padding: .3rem .75rem;\n border-radius: 5px;\n text-decoration: none;\n transition: background .15s, color .15s;\n white-space: nowrap;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn--view {\n background: #00659E;\n color: #FFFFFF;\n border: 1px solid #008ED6;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn--view:hover { background: #007ABB; }\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn--dl {\n background: rgba(255,255,255,.12);\n color: rgba(255,255,255,.9);\n border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn--dl:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.2); color: #FFFFFF; }\n.doc-embed-frame {\n width: 100%;\n height: 560px;\n border: none;\n display: block;\n background: #FFFFFF;\n}\n@media(max-width:600px){ .doc-embed-frame { height: 380px; } }\n\n\n.pdf-embed-wrap{border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 2px 16px rgba(0,21,46,.1);margin:1.5rem 0;}\n.pdf-embed-header{background:#002147;padding:.75rem 1.25rem;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;flex-wrap:wrap;}\n.pdf-embed-title{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:.88rem;color:#FFFFFF;}\n.pdf-embed-actions{display:flex;gap:.5rem;flex-wrap:wrap;}\n.pdf-btn{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:600;padding:.35rem .85rem;border-radius:4px;text-decoration:none;transition:background .15s;white-space:nowrap;}\n.pdf-btn--view{background:rgba(255,255,255,.15);color:#FFFFFF;}\n.pdf-btn--view:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,.25);}\n.pdf-btn--dl{background:#00659E;color:#FFFFFF;}\n.pdf-btn--dl:hover{background:#007ABB;}\n.pdf-embed-frame{display:block;background:#F3F7FB;width:100%;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-radius:0 0 8px 8px;}\n\n<\/style>\n<style>\n.cards-grid {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));\n gap: 1.5rem;\n}\n.card {\n position: relative;\n overflow: hidden;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n transition: border-color .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, transform .25s ease !important;\n}\n.card::before {\n content: \"\";\n position: absolute;\n top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;\n height: 4px;\n background: linear-gradient(90deg, #00629A 0%, #008ED6 100%);\n opacity: .9;\n}\n.card:hover {\n border-color: #008ED6 !important;\n box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(0, 33, 71, .10) !important;\n transform: translateY(-3px);\n}\na.card { text-decoration: none; color: inherit; }\n.card__body { padding: 1.85rem 1.65rem 1.65rem; flex: 1; }\n.card__eyebrow {\n font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n font-size: .68rem;\n font-weight: 700;\n letter-spacing: .14em;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n margin-bottom: .75rem;\n display: block;\n color: #00629A;\n}\n.card__title {\n font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n font-size: 1.35rem;\n font-weight: 700;\n line-height: 1.25;\n margin-bottom: .9rem;\n display: block;\n color: #002147;\n}\n.card__text {\n font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif;\n font-size: 1rem;\n line-height: 1.65;\n display: block;\n color: #4A5060;\n}\n.card__status {\n font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n font-size: .72rem;\n font-weight: 700;\n letter-spacing: .12em;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n color: #B45309;\n margin: .85rem 0 0;\n display: block;\n}\na.card--action .card__title {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: .65rem;\n font-size: 1.25rem;\n}\na.card--action .card__title::after {\n content: \"\\2192\";\n color: #00629A;\n font-weight: 700;\n margin-left: auto;\n font-size: 1.35rem;\n transition: transform .2s ease;\n}\na.card--action:hover .card__title::after { transform: translateX(4px); }\n\n\/* Requirement list *\/\n.req-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: .85rem; }\n.req-list__item {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;\n gap: .9rem;\n align-items: flex-start;\n background: #FFFFFF;\n border: 1px solid #C2D4E6;\n border-radius: 8px;\n padding: 1.1rem 1.35rem;\n}\n.req-list__check {\n flex-shrink: 0;\n width: 1.6rem;\n height: 1.6rem;\n border-radius: 50%;\n background: #00629A;\n color: #FFFFFF;\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: center;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: .95rem;\n font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n line-height: 1;\n}\n.req-list__text {\n font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif;\n font-size: 1rem;\n line-height: 1.6;\n color: #1C2430;\n margin: .15rem 0 0;\n}\n\n\/* Career grid *\/\n.career-grid {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr));\n gap: .75rem 1rem;\n}\n.career-card {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;\n gap: .9rem;\n align-items: center;\n background: #FFFFFF;\n border: 1px solid #C2D4E6;\n border-radius: 8px;\n padding: .95rem 1.25rem;\n}\n.career-card__dot {\n flex-shrink: 0;\n width: .65rem;\n height: .65rem;\n border-radius: 50%;\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, #008ED6 0%, #00629A 100%);\n}\n.career-card__name {\n font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n font-size: 1rem;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: #002147;\n margin: 0;\n}\n\n\/* Coord card (faculty\/staff) *\/\n.coord-card {\n background: #FFFFFF;\n border: 1px solid #C2D4E6;\n border-radius: 8px;\n padding: 1.5rem 1.65rem;\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;\n gap: 1.25rem;\n align-items: flex-start;\n transition: border-color .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease;\n}\n.coord-card:hover {\n border-color: #008ED6;\n box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(0, 33, 71, .08);\n}\n.coord-card__avatar {\n flex-shrink: 0;\n width: 3.5rem;\n height: 3.5rem;\n border-radius: 50%;\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, #002147 0%, #00629A 100%);\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: center;\n color: #FFFFFF;\n font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n font-size: 1.15rem;\n font-weight: 800;\n}\n.coord-card__name {\n font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n font-size: 1.05rem;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: #002147;\n margin: 0 0 .2rem;\n}\n.coord-card__role {\n font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif;\n font-style: italic;\n font-size: .95rem;\n color: #636B78;\n margin: 0 0 .65rem;\n line-height: 1.4;\n}\n.coord-card__contact {\n font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n font-size: .87rem;\n color: #1C2430;\n margin: 0;\n line-height: 1.6;\n}\n.coord-card__contact a { color: #00629A; word-break: break-word; }\n\n\/* Mission block \u2014 reused *\/\n.mission-block {\n background: #F3F7FB;\n border-left: 4px solid #00629A;\n padding: 1.85rem 2rem;\n border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0;\n}\n.mission-block p {\n font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif;\n font-size: 1.05rem;\n line-height: 1.75;\n color: #1C2430;\n margin: 0 0 1.1rem;\n}\n.mission-block p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\n\n\/* Motto \u2014 reused *\/\n.motto {\n background: #002147;\n color: #FFFFFF;\n padding: 1.85rem 1.85rem;\n border-radius: 8px;\n text-align: center;\n}\n.motto__quote {\n font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif;\n font-style: italic;\n font-size: 1.5rem;\n margin: 0 0 .55rem;\n color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.motto__attr {\n font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n font-size: .8rem;\n font-weight: 600;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n letter-spacing: .14em;\n color: #6DC8F5;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 720px) {\n .cards-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1rem; }\n .card__body { padding: 1.5rem 1.35rem 1.35rem; }\n .card__title { font-size: 1.2rem; }\n .coord-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; text-align: center; padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem; }\n .coord-card__avatar { margin: 0 auto; }\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<a href=\"#main-content\" class=\"skip-link\">Skip to main content<\/a>\n\n<nav class=\"breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n<div class=\"w\"><ol class=\"breadcrumb__list\">\n <li><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/\">JSU Home<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/liberalarts\/\">CLA<\/a><\/li>\n <li><span aria-current=\"page\">History & Philosophy<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<\/nav>\n\n<main id=\"main-content\" class=\"jsu-main-content\">\n\n <!-- HERO -->\n <section class=\"hero dk\" aria-labelledby=\"hero-h\">\n <div class=\"w\"><div class=\"hero__inner\"><div>\n <span class=\"hero__tag\">College of Liberal Arts<\/span>\n <h1 class=\"hero__title\" id=\"hero-h\">\n History & <em>Philosophy<\/em>\n <\/h1>\n <p class=\"hero__desc\">\n <strong>History is a pathway to the future.<\/strong> Undergraduate and graduate\n programs preparing students to <strong>live insightfully, advance professionally,\n and lead confidently in the 21st century<\/strong>.\n <\/p>\n <div class=\"hero__btns\">\n <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/apply\/\" class=\"btn btn--primary\">Apply<\/a>\n <a href=\"https:\/\/futuretiger.jsums.edu\/tourpicker.asp\" class=\"btn btn--outline-white\" aria-label=\"Visit JSU \u2014 schedule a campus tour\">Visit<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <!-- ABOUT \/ WELCOME -->\n <section class=\"sec\" id=\"about\" aria-labelledby=\"about-h\">\n <div class=\"w\">\n <div class=\"about-grid\">\n <div class=\"about-body\">\n <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Welcome<\/span>\n <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"about-h\">History is a pathway to the future<\/h2>\n <p>\n The Department of History and Philosophy welcomes you to its home page. Here we\n introduce our <strong>talented and student-friendly faculty<\/strong>, our\n undergraduate and graduate degree programs, and our organizations, clubs, events,\n activities, and projects.\n <\/p>\n <p>\n There are many professional career paths that students majoring or minoring in\n history can pursue. We provide classes, courses of study, and academic programs\n that prepare students to <strong>live insightfully, advance professionally, and\n lead confidently in the 21st century<\/strong>. Students who major in history are\n well-prepared to enter many professional careers \u2014 for example, students\n planning a career in law often select history as a major.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"about-facts\">\n <dl>\n <div><dt>Department<\/dt><dd>History and Philosophy<\/dd><\/div>\n <div><dt>College<\/dt><dd><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/liberalarts\/\">Liberal Arts<\/a><\/dd><\/div>\n <div><dt>Degrees<\/dt><dd>BS \u00b7 BA \u00b7 Minor \u00b7 Graduate (Traditional & Online)<\/dd><\/div>\n <div><dt>BA Concentrations<\/dt><dd>General \u00b7 African Diaspora \u00b7 Public History<\/dd><\/div>\n <div><dt>Chair<\/dt><dd>Dr. Mario Azevedo<\/dd><\/div>\n <div><dt>Faculty<\/dt><dd>9 + Chair + Admin<\/dd><\/div>\n <div><dt>Phone<\/dt><dd><a href=\"tel:+16019792191\">(601) 979-2191<\/a><\/dd><\/div>\n <div><dt>Email<\/dt><dd><a href=\"mailto:history@jsums.edu\">history@jsums.edu<\/a><\/dd><\/div>\n <div><dt>Location<\/dt><dd>Dollye M.E. Robinson Building, 3rd Floor<\/dd><\/div>\n <\/dl>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <!-- DEGREE PROGRAMS -->\n <section class=\"sec sec--off\" id=\"degrees\" aria-labelledby=\"degrees-h\">\n <div class=\"w\">\n <div class=\"sec-head\">\n <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Degree Programs<\/span>\n <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"degrees-h\">Undergraduate, graduate, and minor offerings<\/h2>\n <p class=\"sec-body\">\n The department offers a <strong>Bachelor of Science degree for students who wish\n to be teachers<\/strong>, a <strong>Bachelor of Arts degree<\/strong> with multiple\n concentrations, a <strong>minor in History<\/strong>, plus traditional and online\n graduate programs.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"cards-grid\">\n\n <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/undergraduate-program\">\n <div class=\"card__body\">\n <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">B.S. \u00b7 Teacher Licensure<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__title\">Bachelor of Science in History<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__text\">\n For students who wish to be teachers. Combines history and education courses;\n students finish as <strong>licensed teachers<\/strong>.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n\n <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/undergraduate-program\">\n <div class=\"card__body\">\n <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">B.A. \u00b7 General<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__title\">Bachelor of Arts in History (General)<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__text\">\n For students interested in <strong>careers beyond teaching<\/strong>, including\n law, government, journalism, and research. General degree path.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n\n <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/undergraduate-program\">\n <div class=\"card__body\">\n <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">B.A. \u00b7 Concentration<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__title\">B.A. with African Diaspora Concentration<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__text\">\n Bachelor of Arts with a concentration in <strong>African Diaspora history<\/strong>\n \u2014 reflecting JSU's HBCU heritage and scholarly tradition.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n\n <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/undergraduate-program\">\n <div class=\"card__body\">\n <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">B.A. \u00b7 Concentration<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__title\">B.A. with Public History Concentration<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__text\">\n Bachelor of Arts with a concentration in <strong>Public History<\/strong> \u2014\n preparing students for museum, archive, historical society, and public-facing\n careers.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n\n <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/undergraduate-program\">\n <div class=\"card__body\">\n <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">Minor<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__title\">Minor in History<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__text\">\n A History minor for students majoring in other disciplines who want to add\n historical depth and analytical skills to their degree program.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n\n <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/traditional-graduate-program\/\">\n <div class=\"card__body\">\n <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">Graduate<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__title\">Traditional Graduate Program<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__text\">\n On-campus graduate program in History \u2014 for students pursuing advanced\n research and teaching careers in history.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n\n <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/graduate-program\/\">\n <div class=\"card__body\">\n <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">Graduate \u00b7 Online<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__title\">Online Graduate Program<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__text\">\n Online graduate program in History \u2014 flexible online format for working\n professionals and out-of-state students.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n\n <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/files\/2013\/10\/2019-2020-Graduate-Handbook.pdf\">\n <div class=\"card__body\">\n <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">PDF \u00b7 2019\u20132020<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__title\">Graduate Student Handbook<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__text\">\n Graduate Student Handbook with program policies, requirements, and procedures.\n <\/div>\n <span class=\"card__status\">\u26a0 Document dated 2019\u20132020 \u2014 verify currency<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <!-- WHY STUDY HISTORY -->\n <section class=\"sec\" id=\"why-history\" aria-labelledby=\"why-history-h\">\n <div class=\"w\">\n <div class=\"sec-head\">\n <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">About the Program<\/span>\n <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"why-history-h\">The study of history boosts your marketability<\/h2>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"mission-block\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"why-history-h\">\n <p>\n Students in other disciplines \u2014 such as <strong>mass communication, political\n science, and business<\/strong> \u2014 study history and <strong>increase their\n marketability in America's evolving workplaces<\/strong>. Employment possibilities\n for history graduates include positions with <strong>government agencies and\n departments at the federal, state, and local levels<\/strong>.\n <\/p>\n <p>\n Within the federal government, historians in the <strong>Departments of Education,\n State, and Defense<\/strong> serve as analysts and researchers. Diplomats and\n members of their entourages often have backgrounds in history. Federal and state\n legislatures also hire historians as staff members to work on investigative\n committees.\n <\/p>\n <p>\n <strong>Teaching<\/strong> at the primary, secondary, or collegiate level is another\n option for the history graduate. There are also private sector jobs available to\n history majors \u2014 opportunities are found at <strong>museums, archives,\n historical societies, and assorted research facilities<\/strong>.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div style=\"margin-top:1.5rem;\">\n <div class=\"motto\">\n <p class=\"motto__quote\">\u201cChallenging Minds, Changing Lives.\u201d<\/p>\n <span class=\"motto__attr\">Jackson State University<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <!-- 4 LEARNING OUTCOMES -->\n <section class=\"sec sec--off\" id=\"outcomes\" aria-labelledby=\"outcomes-h\">\n <div class=\"w\">\n <div class=\"sec-head\">\n <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Learning Outcomes<\/span>\n <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"outcomes-h\">Apply your knowledge<\/h2>\n <p class=\"sec-body\">\n Through the degree program, students develop four core skills as historians and\n researchers:\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"req-list\">\n <div class=\"req-list__item\">\n <div class=\"req-list__check\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2713<\/div>\n <p class=\"req-list__text\">Students will <strong>contribute to historical knowledge<\/strong> through original and ethical research using <strong>primary and secondary sources<\/strong>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"req-list__item\">\n <div class=\"req-list__check\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2713<\/div>\n <p class=\"req-list__text\">Students will <strong>analyze scholarly historical texts<\/strong> and synthesize multiple historical works.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"req-list__item\">\n <div class=\"req-list__check\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2713<\/div>\n <p class=\"req-list__text\">Students will <strong>create historical arguments and narratives<\/strong>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"req-list__item\">\n <div class=\"req-list__check\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2713<\/div>\n <p class=\"req-list__text\">Students will <strong>communicate their historical research clearly<\/strong>, in oral and written form.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <!-- 8 CAREERS -->\n <section class=\"sec\" id=\"careers\" aria-labelledby=\"careers-h\">\n <div class=\"w\">\n <div class=\"sec-head\">\n <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Career Opportunities<\/span>\n <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"careers-h\">A plethora of career options<\/h2>\n <p class=\"sec-body\">\n History and Philosophy majors have a wide range of career opportunities across\n <strong>public service, journalism, research, education, and cultural\n institutions<\/strong>.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"career-grid\">\n <div class=\"career-card\">\n <div class=\"career-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n <div><p class=\"career-card__name\">Park Ranger<\/p><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"career-card\">\n <div class=\"career-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n <div><p class=\"career-card__name\">Reporter<\/p><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"career-card\">\n <div class=\"career-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n <div><p class=\"career-card__name\">Librarian<\/p><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"career-card\">\n <div class=\"career-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n <div><p class=\"career-card__name\">Museum Archivist<\/p><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"career-card\">\n <div class=\"career-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n <div><p class=\"career-card__name\">History Professor<\/p><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"career-card\">\n <div class=\"career-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n <div><p class=\"career-card__name\">Historian<\/p><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"career-card\">\n <div class=\"career-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n <div><p class=\"career-card__name\">Writer or Editor<\/p><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"career-card\">\n <div class=\"career-card__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n <div><p class=\"career-card__name\">Researcher<\/p><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div style=\"margin-top:1.75rem;\">\n <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/career-opportunities\/\" class=\"btn btn--primary\" aria-label=\"View Historian Career Paths \u2014 career opportunities chart\">View Historian Career Paths<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <!-- EXTERNAL WHY STUDY HISTORY RESOURCES -->\n <section class=\"sec sec--off\" id=\"external-resources\" aria-labelledby=\"external-resources-h\">\n <div class=\"w\">\n <div class=\"sec-head\">\n <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Why Study History \u2014 External Reading<\/span>\n <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"external-resources-h\">Recommended reading on the value of a history major<\/h2>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"cards-grid\">\n\n <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/blog\/career-transitions\/201208\/why-major-in-history\">\n <div class=\"card__body\">\n <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">External \u00b7 Psychology Today<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__title\">Why Major in History?<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__text\">Katherine Brooks \u2014 an essay on the value of choosing history as an undergraduate major.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n\n <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bestcolleges.com\/careers\/history-majors\/\">\n <div class=\"card__body\">\n <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">External \u00b7 BestColleges.com<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__title\">Best Careers for History Majors<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__text\">Guide to the best career paths for graduates with a history degree \u2014 from BestColleges.com.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n\n <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historians.org\/pubs\/Free\/WhyStudyHistory.htm\">\n <div class=\"card__body\">\n <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">External \u00b7 AHA<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__title\">Why Study History?<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__text\">The American Historical Association's foundational essay on the value and purpose of historical study.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n\n <a class=\"card card--action\" href=\"https:\/\/www.historians.org\/publications-and-directories\/perspectives-on-history\/april-2017\/history-is-not-a-useless-major-fighting-myths-with-data\">\n <div class=\"card__body\">\n <div class=\"card__eyebrow\">External \u00b7 Perspectives on History<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__title\">History is Not a Useless Major<\/div>\n <div class=\"card__text\">Paul B. Sturtevant \u2014 \"Fighting Myths with Data\" in Perspectives on History (American Historical Association).<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/a>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <!-- CHAIR & ADMIN -->\n <section class=\"sec\" id=\"leadership\" aria-labelledby=\"leadership-h\">\n <div class=\"w\">\n <div class=\"sec-head\">\n <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Department Leadership<\/span>\n <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"leadership-h\">Chair & administrative staff<\/h2>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"cards-grid\">\n\n <div class=\"coord-card\">\n <div class=\"coord-card__avatar\" aria-hidden=\"true\">MA<\/div>\n <div>\n <p class=\"coord-card__name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/azevedo\/\">Dr. Mario Azevedo<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__role\">Chair and Professor<\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__contact\">\n <a href=\"mailto:mario.j.azevedo@jsums.edu\">mario.j.azevedo@jsums.edu<\/a><br>\n <a href=\"tel:+16019792191\">(601) 979-2191<\/a><br>\n Dollye M.E. Robinson Bldg.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"coord-card\">\n <div class=\"coord-card__avatar\" aria-hidden=\"true\">DK<\/div>\n <div>\n <p class=\"coord-card__name\">Danielle Kirkland<\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__role\">Administrative Assistant<\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__contact\">\n <a href=\"mailto:danielle.kirkland@jsums.edu\">danielle.kirkland@jsums.edu<\/a><br>\n <a href=\"tel:+16019792179\">(601) 979-2179<\/a><br>\n Dollye M.E. Robinson Bldg.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <!-- FACULTY DIRECTORY -->\n <section class=\"sec sec--off\" id=\"faculty\" aria-labelledby=\"faculty-h\">\n <div class=\"w\">\n <div class=\"sec-head\">\n <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Faculty<\/span>\n <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"faculty-h\">Nine faculty members<\/h2>\n <p class=\"sec-body\">\n Click any faculty member's name to view their full profile, research interests, and\n publications.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"cards-grid\">\n <div class=\"coord-card\">\n <div class=\"coord-card__avatar\" aria-hidden=\"true\">KB<\/div>\n <div>\n <p class=\"coord-card__name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/dr-kofi-barima\/\">Dr. Kofi Barima<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__role\">Associate Professor<\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__contact\">\n <a href=\"mailto:kofi.r.barima@jsums.edu\">kofi.r.barima@jsums.edu<\/a><br>\n <a href=\"tel:+16019796303\">601.979.6303<\/a><br>\n Dollye M.E. Robinson Bldg. 349\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"coord-card\">\n <div class=\"coord-card__avatar\" aria-hidden=\"true\">JB<\/div>\n <div>\n <p class=\"coord-card__name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/jbrockley\/\">Dr. Janice Brockley<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__role\">Associate Professor<\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__contact\">\n <a href=\"mailto:janice.a.brockley@jsums.edu\">janice.a.brockley@jsums.edu<\/a><br>\n <a href=\"tel:+16019792504\">601.979.2504<\/a><br>\n Dollye M.E. Robinson Bldg. 340\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"coord-card\">\n <div class=\"coord-card__avatar\" aria-hidden=\"true\">RC<\/div>\n <div>\n <p class=\"coord-card__name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/chapman\/\">Dr. Rico D. Chapman<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__role\">Professor; Dean of the College of Liberal Arts<\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__contact\">\n <a href=\"mailto:rico.d.chapman@jsums.edu\">rico.d.chapman@jsums.edu<\/a><br>\n <a href=\"tel:+16019797036\">601.979.7036<\/a><br>\n Dollye M.E. Robinson Bldg.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"coord-card\">\n <div class=\"coord-card__avatar\" aria-hidden=\"true\">JC<\/div>\n <div>\n <p class=\"coord-card__name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/joshua-j-cotton\/\">Mr. Joshua Cotton<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__role\">Instructor<\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__contact\">\n <a href=\"mailto:joshua.j.cotton@jsums.edu\">joshua.j.cotton@jsums.edu<\/a><br>\n <a href=\"tel:+16019792368\">601.979.2368<\/a><br>\n Dollye M.E. Robinson Bldg. 335\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"coord-card\">\n <div class=\"coord-card__avatar\" aria-hidden=\"true\">RL<\/div>\n <div>\n <p class=\"coord-card__name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/luckett\">Dr. Robert Luckett<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__role\">Professor and Director, Margaret Walker Center<\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__contact\">\n <a href=\"mailto:robert.e.luckett@jsums.edu\">robert.e.luckett@jsums.edu<\/a><br>\n <a href=\"tel:+16019793935\">601.979.3935<\/a><br>\n Ayer Hall 416\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"coord-card\">\n <div class=\"coord-card__avatar\" aria-hidden=\"true\">DR<\/div>\n <div>\n <p class=\"coord-card__name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/detricelroberts\/\">Ms. Detrice L. Roberts<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__role\">Instructor<\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__contact\">\n <a href=\"mailto:Detrice.l.roberts@jsums.edu\">Detrice.l.roberts@jsums.edu<\/a><br>\n <a href=\"tel:+16019792179\">601-979-2179<\/a><br>\n Dollye M.E. Robinson Bldg.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"coord-card\">\n <div class=\"coord-card__avatar\" aria-hidden=\"true\">LR<\/div>\n <div>\n <p class=\"coord-card__name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/roopnarine\/\">Dr. Lomarsh Roopnarine<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__role\">Professor and Assistant Graduate Coordinator<\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__contact\">\n <a href=\"mailto:lomarsh.roopnarine@jsums.edu\">lomarsh.roopnarine@jsums.edu<\/a><br>\n <a href=\"tel:+16019792494\">601.979.2494<\/a><br>\n Dollye M.E. Robinson Bldg. 353\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"coord-card\">\n <div class=\"coord-card__avatar\" aria-hidden=\"true\">ST<\/div>\n <div>\n <p class=\"coord-card__name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/mr-shannon-thames\/\">Mr. Shannon Thames<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__role\">Instructor<\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__contact\">\n <a href=\"mailto:shannon.s.thames@jsums.edu\">shannon.s.thames@jsums.edu<\/a><br>\n <a href=\"tel:+16019792503\">601.979.2503<\/a><br>\n Dollye M.E. Robinson Bldg. 344\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"coord-card\">\n <div class=\"coord-card__avatar\" aria-hidden=\"true\">CT<\/div>\n <div>\n <p class=\"coord-card__name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/dr-cassie-s-turnipseed\/\">Dr. Cassie S. Turnipseed<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__role\">Assistant Professor and Undergraduate Coordinator<\/p>\n <p class=\"coord-card__contact\">\n <a href=\"mailto:cassie.s.turnipseed@jsums.edu\">cassie.s.turnipseed@jsums.edu<\/a><br>\n <a href=\"tel:+16019792191\">601.979.2191<\/a><br>\n Dollye M.E. Robinson Bldg. 338\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <!-- CTA BAND -->\n <section class=\"cta-band dk\" aria-labelledby=\"cta-h\">\n <div class=\"w\"><div class=\"cta-band__inner\">\n <div>\n <h2 class=\"cta-band__title\" id=\"cta-h\">Ready to join the History & Philosophy program?<\/h2>\n <p class=\"cta-band__sub\">For more information, please contact us. We look forward to meeting with you and seeing how our program can help you achieve your goals.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"cta-band__btns\">\n <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/apply\/\" class=\"btn btn--primary\">Apply Now<\/a>\n <a href=\"tel:+16019792191\" class=\"btn btn--outline-white\" aria-label=\"Call (601) 979-2191 \u2014 Department contact\">Call (601) 979-2191<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div><\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n <!-- CONTACT -->\n <section class=\"sec sec--surface\" id=\"contact\" aria-labelledby=\"contact-h\">\n <div class=\"w\">\n <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-bottom:1.5rem;\">\n <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Get in Touch<\/span>\n <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"contact-h\">Contact the Department<\/h2>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"contact-items\">\n <div class=\"contact-item\">\n <div class=\"contact-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udccd<\/div>\n <div>\n <div class=\"contact-item__label\">Location<\/div>\n <div class=\"contact-item__val\">\n Department of History and Philosophy<br>\n 3rd Floor Suite, Dollye M. E. Robinson Building<br>\n College of Liberal Arts<br>\n P.O. Box 17700<br>\n Jackson, MS 39217\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"contact-item\">\n <div class=\"contact-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udcde<\/div>\n <div>\n <div class=\"contact-item__label\">Phone<\/div>\n <div class=\"contact-item__val\"><a href=\"tel:+16019792191\">(601) 979-2191<\/a><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"contact-item\">\n <div class=\"contact-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2709<\/div>\n <div>\n <div class=\"contact-item__label\">Email<\/div>\n <div class=\"contact-item__val\"><a href=\"mailto:history@jsums.edu\">history@jsums.edu<\/a><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"contact-item\">\n <div class=\"contact-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\ud83d\udc64<\/div>\n <div>\n <div class=\"contact-item__label\">Department Chair<\/div>\n <div class=\"contact-item__val\">\n Dr. Mario Azevedo<br>\n <a href=\"mailto:mario.j.azevedo@jsums.edu\">mario.j.azevedo@jsums.edu<\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n<\/main><!-- end #main-content -->\n\n<button class=\"fnav-toggle\" aria-label=\"Open page navigation menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"fnav-drawer\" type=\"button\">\n <span class=\"fnav-toggle__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2630<\/span>\n <span class=\"fnav-toggle__label\">Menu<\/span>\n<\/button>\n\n<div class=\"fnav-overlay\" id=\"fnav-overlay\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n\n<nav class=\"fnav-drawer\" id=\"fnav-drawer\" aria-label=\"Page navigation\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n <div class=\"fnav-drawer__header\">\n <div>\n <span class=\"fnav-drawer__eyebrow\">College of Liberal Arts<\/span>\n <span class=\"fnav-drawer__title\">History & Philosophy<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <button class=\"fnav-close\" aria-label=\"Close navigation menu\" type=\"button\">\u00d7<\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"fnav-drawer__body\">\n <div class=\"fnav-group\">\n <ul class=\"fnav-group__items\" role=\"list\">\n <li>\n <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/history\/\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"page\">\n <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">History & Philosophy Home<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/li>\n <li>\n <a href=\"#about\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">About & Welcome<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/li>\n <li>\n <a href=\"#degrees\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Degree Programs<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/li>\n <li>\n <a href=\"#why-history\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Why Study History<\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/li>\n <li>\n <a href=\"#outcomes\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">\n <span class=\"fnav-item__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n <span class=\"fnav-item__text\">Learning 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