{"id":810,"date":"2026-08-21T03:50:42","date_gmt":"2026-08-21T03:50:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jsums.org\/physics\/?page_id=810"},"modified":"2026-08-21T03:51:36","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T03:51:36","slug":"atmospheric-sciences","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jsums.org\/physics\/atmospheric-sciences\/","title":{"rendered":"Meteorology Physics"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"810\" class=\"elementor elementor-810\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a51c19 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1a51c19\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46ec009 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"46ec009\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n<meta 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\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n   ELEMENTOR CONTAINMENT RESETS\n   Prevents Elementor wrapper styles from bleeding into our\n   custom HTML content blocks.\n\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n\n\/* Zero out all padding\/margin\/gap\/background on every Elementor wrapper *\/\n.elementor-widget-container,\n.elementor-widget-wrap,\n.elementor-widget-wrap > .elementor-element,\n.elementor-section .elementor-container,\n.elementor-section .elementor-row,\n.e-con,\n.e-con-inner,\n.e-child,\n.e-con > .e-con-inner {\n    padding: 0 !important;\n    margin: 0 !important;\n    gap: 0 !important;\n    background: transparent !important;\n    background-color: transparent !important;\n    background-image: none !important;\n    border: none !important;\n    box-shadow: none !important;\n    max-width: none !important;\n    width: 100% !important;\n}\n\n\/* Section-level Elementor wrappers *\/\n.elementor-section,\n.elementor-top-section,\n.elementor-inner-section {\n    padding: 0 !important;\n    margin: 0 !important;\n    background: transparent !important;\n    background-color: transparent !important;\n    background-image: none !important;\n}\n\n\/* Strip Elementor heading color overrides *\/\n.elementor-widget-container h1,\n.elementor-widget-container h2,\n.elementor-widget-container h3,\n.elementor-widget-container h4,\n.elementor-widget-container h5,\n.elementor-widget-container p,\n.elementor-widget-container a {\n    color: inherit !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Dark section hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n   .hero and .cta-band.dk MUST stay dark regardless of\n   Elementor theme color injection.\n\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.hero,\n.hero * {\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.hero__inner {\n    justify-items: center !important;\n    text-align: center !important;\n}\n.hero__inner > div {\n    display: flex !important;\n    flex-direction: column !important;\n    align-items: center !important;\n    text-align: center !important;\n    max-width: 780px !important;\n    margin: 0 auto !important;\n}\n.hero__btns {\n    justify-content: center !important;\n}\n.hero__desc {\n    max-width: 640px !important;\n    margin-left: auto !important;\n    margin-right: auto !important;\n}\n.hero__tag {\n    display: inline-block !important;\n}\n.hero {\n    background-color: #00152E !important;\n    background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #00152E 0%, #002147 60%, #003366 100%) !important;\n    position: relative !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk {\n    background-color: #002147 !important;\n    background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #00152E 0%, #002147 100%) !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk * {\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk .btn--primary {\n    background-color: #00659E !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.cta-band.dk .btn--outline-white {\n    border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6) !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Section background hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.sec {\n    background-color: #FFFFFF !important;\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n.sec--off {\n    background-color: #F3F7FB !important;\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n.sec--surface {\n    background-color: #E6EEF6 !important;\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Text color hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.sec .sec-title,\n.sec .sec-eyebrow,\n.sec h2,\n.sec h3 {\n    color: #002147;\n}\n.sec p,\n.sec li,\n.sec dd,\n.sec dt {\n    color: #4A5060;\n}\n.sec a {\n    color: #00629A;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 About section hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.about-facts {\n    background: #E6EEF6 !important;\n    border-radius: 8px !important;\n    padding: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.5rem) !important;\n}\n.about-facts__title {\n    color: #00629A !important;\n    font-weight: 700 !important;\n}\n.about-facts dl dt {\n    color: #636B78 !important;\n    text-transform: uppercase !important;\n    font-size: .72rem !important;\n    letter-spacing: .08em !important;\n    font-weight: 700 !important;\n}\n.about-facts dl dd {\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n    font-size: .97rem !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Card hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.card {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n    border-radius: 8px !important;\n}\n.card__eyebrow { color: #00629A !important; }\n.card__title   { color: #002147 !important; }\n.card__text    { color: #4A5060 !important; }\n.card__link    { color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Faculty card hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.faculty-card {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n    border-radius: 8px !important;\n}\n.faculty-card__name  { color: #002147 !important; }\n.faculty-card__title { color: #636B78 !important; }\n.faculty-card__contact, \n.faculty-card__contact a { color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Resource list hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.resource-item {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n    border-bottom-color: #C2D4E6 !important;\n}\n.resource-item__name { color: #002147 !important; }\n.resource-item__desc { color: #4A5060 !important; }\n.resource-item__link { color: #00629A !important; border-color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Program card hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.program-card {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6 !important;\n    border-radius: 8px !important;\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n.program-card__name  { color: #002147 !important; }\n.program-card__level { color: #636B78 !important; }\n.program-card__dot   { background: #008ED6 !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Tab hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.tabs__btn {\n    background: transparent !important;\n    color: #002147 !important;\n    border-color: #C2D4E6 !important;\n}\n.tabs__btn[aria-selected=\"true\"] {\n    background: #002147 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n    border-color: #002147 !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Accordion hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.accordion__trigger {\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n    color: #002147 !important;\n    border-color: #C2D4E6 !important;\n}\n.accordion__trigger[aria-expanded=\"true\"] {\n    background: #002147 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.accordion__body { \n    background: #FFFFFF !important; \n    color: #4A5060 !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Nav drawer hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.fnav-drawer {\n    background: #002147 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.fnav-drawer__header {\n    background: #00152E !important;\n    border-bottom-color: rgba(0,142,214,0.3) !important;\n}\n.fnav-drawer__title { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.fnav-drawer__eyebrow { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n.fnav-item { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85) !important; }\n.fnav-item.is-active,\n.fnav-item:hover { color: #FFFFFF !important; background: rgba(0,142,214,0.2) !important; }\n.fnav-group__label { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n.fnav-drawer__footer { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.fnav-footer-link { color: #FFFFFF !important; text-decoration: none; }\n.fnav-footer-link:hover { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Hero text hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.hero__tag     { color: #3DB4F0 !important; }\n.hero__title   { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.hero__desc    { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85) !important; }\n.hero__btns .btn--primary       { background-color: #00659E !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n.hero__btns .btn--outline-white { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6) !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Breadcrumb hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.breadcrumb { background: #002147 !important; }\n.breadcrumb a, .breadcrumb span { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75) !important; }\n.breadcrumb [aria-current=\"page\"] { color: #FFFFFF !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Contact section hardening \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.contact-items { color: #1C2430 !important; }\n.contact-item__label { color: #636B78 !important; }\n.contact-item__val   { color: #1C2430 !important; }\n.contact-item__val a { color: #00629A !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Skip link \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.skip-link:focus {\n    background: #008ED6 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 BTT button \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.jsu-btt {\n    background: #00659E !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Menu toggle \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.fnav-toggle {\n    background: #002147 !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n.fnav-toggle:hover { background: #007ABB !important; }\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 WCAG: Ensure minimum contrast on all body text \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\nbody { \n    background-color: #FFFFFF !important; \n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 TICKER STRIP \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.ticker-wrap{\n    background:#00152E;\n    border-top:1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.25);\n    border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.25);\n    overflow:hidden;\n    padding:.55rem 0;\n    position:relative;\n}\n.ticker-wrap::before,\n.ticker-wrap::after{\n    content:'';\n    position:absolute;\n    top:0;bottom:0;\n    width:80px;\n    z-index:2;\n    pointer-events:none;\n}\n.ticker-wrap::before{\n    left:0;\n    background:linear-gradient(to right,#00152E,transparent);\n}\n.ticker-wrap::after{\n    right:0;\n    background:linear-gradient(to left,#00152E,transparent);\n}\n.ticker-label{\n    position:absolute;\n    left:0;top:50%;\n    transform:translateY(-50%);\n    background:#008ED6;\n    color:#FFFFFF;\n    font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size:.65rem;\n    font-weight:700;\n    letter-spacing:.12em;\n    text-transform:uppercase;\n    padding:.35rem .75rem;\n    z-index:3;\n    white-space:nowrap;\n}\n.ticker-track{\n    display:flex;\n    align-items:center;\n    gap:0;\n    width:max-content;\n    animation:ticker-scroll 40s linear infinite;\n    padding-left:160px;\n}\n.ticker-track:hover{animation-play-state:paused;}\n.ticker-item{\n    display:inline-flex;\n    align-items:center;\n    gap:.5rem;\n    white-space:nowrap;\n    padding:0 1.5rem;\n    font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size:.78rem;\n    font-weight:500;\n    color:rgba(255,255,255,.75);\n    transition:color .2s;\n    text-decoration:none;\n}\n.ticker-item:hover{color:#3DB4F0;}\n.ticker-item::before{\n    content:'';\n    display:inline-block;\n    width:4px;height:4px;\n    border-radius:50%;\n    background:#008ED6;\n    flex-shrink:0;\n}\n@keyframes ticker-scroll{\n    0%{transform:translateX(0);}\n    100%{transform:translateX(-50%);}\n}\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){\n    .ticker-track{animation:none;overflow-x:auto;}\n}\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 HERO CENTERING \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.hero__inner{\n    justify-items:center;\n    text-align:center;\n}\n.hero__inner > div{\n    display:flex;\n    flex-direction:column;\n    align-items:center;\n    text-align:center;\n    max-width:780px;\n    margin:0 auto;\n}\n.hero__desc{\n    max-width:640px;\n    margin-left:auto;\n    margin-right:auto;\n}\n.hero__btns{\n    justify-content:center;\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Visually hidden elements \u2014 explicit colors for accessibility checkers \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.sr-only,\n.visually-hidden {\n    color: #1C2430 !important;\n    background-color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Screen-reader-only toggle label \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.fnav-toggle__label {\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Skip link always has explicit colors \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.skip-link {\n    background-color: #00659E !important;\n    color: #FFFFFF !important;\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Breadcrumb: sit flush below global header \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\nbody {\n    padding-top: 65px !important;\n    background-color: #002147 !important;\n}\n.breadcrumb {\n    margin-top: 0 !important;\n    scroll-margin-top: 65px !important;\n}\n#main-content {\n    scroll-margin-top: 65px !important;\n}\n.admin-bar body { padding-top: 97px !important; }\n.admin-bar .breadcrumb { scroll-margin-top: 97px !important; }\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Hero: full viewport height \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n.hero {\n    min-height: 100vh !important;\n    height: 100vh !important;\n    display: flex !important;\n    align-items: center !important;\n    justify-content: center !important;\n    padding: 0 !important;\n    position: relative !important;\n}\n.hero__inner {\n    justify-items: center !important;\n    text-align: center !important;\n    padding: clamp(2rem, 4vh, 5rem) 0 !important;\n    width: 100% !important;\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\n   JSU GLOBAL NAVIGATION \u2014 matches jsums.org exactly\n\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.jsu-global-nav {\n    position: fixed;\n    top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;\n    z-index: 1000;\n    background: #002147;\n    box-shadow: 0 2px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.35);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__top {\n    background: #00152E;\n    padding: .3rem 0;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.2);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__top-inner {\n    max-width: 1340px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    padding: 0 clamp(1.25rem,4vw,3rem);\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: space-between;\n    gap: 1rem;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__util-links {\n    display: flex;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n    gap: .15rem .75rem;\n    list-style: none;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__util-links a {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .68rem;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.65);\n    text-decoration: none;\n    letter-spacing: .02em;\n    transition: color .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__util-links a:hover { color: #3DB4F0; }\n.jsu-global-nav__ctas {\n    display: flex;\n    gap: .4rem;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .72rem;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    letter-spacing: .05em;\n    text-decoration: none;\n    padding: .3rem .85rem;\n    border-radius: 4px;\n    transition: background .15s, color .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--apply {\n    background: #00659E;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--apply:hover { background: #007ABB; }\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--visit {\n    background: transparent;\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.8);\n    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--visit:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.08); color: #FFFFFF; }\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--give {\n    background: #3DB4F0;\n    color: #002147;\n    font-weight: 800;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__cta--give:hover { background: #6DC8F5; }\n\n.jsu-global-nav__main {\n    max-width: 1340px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    padding: 0 clamp(1.25rem,4vw,3rem);\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: space-between;\n    height: 64px;\n    gap: 1.5rem;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: .65rem;\n    text-decoration: none;\n    flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-mark {\n    width: 44px;\n    height: 44px;\n    border-radius: 6px;\n    background: #FFFFFF;\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: center;\n    flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-mark span {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-weight: 900;\n    font-size: 1.05rem;\n    color: #002147;\n    letter-spacing: -.03em;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-text { line-height: 1.15; }\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-text strong {\n    display: block;\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-weight: 800;\n    font-size: .88rem;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    letter-spacing: .01em;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__logo-text span {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .62rem;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    letter-spacing: .14em;\n    text-transform: uppercase;\n    color: #3DB4F0;\n}\n\n.jsu-global-nav__menu {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 0;\n    list-style: none;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li {\n    position: relative;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > a,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > button {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: .3rem;\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .82rem;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.85);\n    text-decoration: none;\n    padding: .55rem .75rem;\n    border-radius: 6px;\n    background: none;\n    border: none;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    transition: color .15s, background .15s;\n    white-space: nowrap;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > a:hover,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > button:hover {\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    background: rgba(255,255,255,.08);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > a::after,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li > button.has-sub::after {\n    content: '';\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 0; height: 0;\n    border-left: 4px solid transparent;\n    border-right: 4px solid transparent;\n    border-top: 4px solid currentColor;\n    opacity: .6;\n    margin-left: .2rem;\n    transition: transform .2s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:hover > button.has-sub::after,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:focus-within > button.has-sub::after {\n    transform: rotate(180deg);\n}\n\n\/* Dropdowns *\/\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown {\n    position: absolute;\n    top: calc(100% + 4px);\n    left: 0;\n    min-width: 220px;\n    background: #001736;\n    border: 1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.25);\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,.4);\n    padding: .5rem 0;\n    opacity: 0;\n    visibility: hidden;\n    transform: translateY(-8px);\n    transition: opacity .2s, visibility .2s, transform .2s;\n    z-index: 100;\n    list-style: none;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:hover .jsu-global-nav__dropdown,\n.jsu-global-nav__menu > li:focus-within .jsu-global-nav__dropdown {\n    opacity: 1;\n    visibility: visible;\n    transform: translateY(0);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown a {\n    display: block;\n    padding: .5rem 1.1rem;\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .82rem;\n    font-weight: 500;\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.8);\n    text-decoration: none;\n    transition: color .15s, background .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown a:hover {\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    background: rgba(0,142,214,.15);\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown .drop-group-label {\n    display: block;\n    padding: .65rem 1.1rem .25rem;\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .65rem;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    letter-spacing: .12em;\n    text-transform: uppercase;\n    color: #3DB4F0;\n    border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,142,214,.2);\n    margin-top: .35rem;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__dropdown .drop-group-label:first-child {\n    border-top: none;\n    margin-top: 0;\n}\n\n\/* Mobile menu toggle *\/\n.jsu-global-nav__mob-btn {\n    display: none;\n    background: none;\n    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);\n    border-radius: 6px;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    padding: .45rem .65rem;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 1.15rem;\n    line-height: 1;\n    transition: background .15s;\n}\n.jsu-global-nav__mob-btn:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); }\n\n\/* Page body offset for fixed nav *\/\nbody { padding-top: 0 !important; }\n.breadcrumb {\n    margin-top: 54px !important; }\n.admin-bar .breadcrumb {\n    margin-top: 46px !important; }\n#main-content { scroll-margin-top: 104px !important; }\n\n\/* Sections scroll past nav *\/\n[id] { scroll-margin-top: 104px; }\n\n@media(max-width: 1024px) {\n    .jsu-global-nav__menu { display: none; }\n    .jsu-global-nav__mob-btn { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }\n}\n@media(max-width: 600px) {\n    .jsu-global-nav__logo-text { display: none; }\n}\n\n\n\/* \u2550\u2550 PDF \/ Document Inline Viewer \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n.doc-embed-wrap {\n    margin: 1.25rem 0;\n    border: 1px solid #C2D4E6;\n    border-radius: 10px;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    background: #F3F7FB;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: space-between;\n    padding: .6rem 1rem;\n    background: #002147;\n    gap: .75rem;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__title {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .82rem;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    flex: 1;\n    min-width: 0;\n    white-space: nowrap;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    text-overflow: ellipsis;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__actions {\n    display: flex;\n    gap: .4rem;\n    flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn {\n    font-family: 'Sora',sans-serif;\n    font-size: .72rem;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    letter-spacing: .04em;\n    padding: .3rem .75rem;\n    border-radius: 5px;\n    text-decoration: none;\n    transition: background .15s, color .15s;\n    white-space: nowrap;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn--view {\n    background: #00659E;\n    color: #FFFFFF;\n    border: 1px solid #008ED6;\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn--view:hover { background: #007ABB; }\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn--dl {\n    background: rgba(255,255,255,.12);\n    color: rgba(255,255,255,.9);\n    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);\n}\n.doc-embed-toolbar__btn--dl:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.2); color: #FFFFFF; }\n.doc-embed-frame {\n    width: 100%;\n    height: 560px;\n    border: none;\n    display: block;\n    background: #FFFFFF;\n}\n@media(max-width:600px){ .doc-embed-frame { height: 380px; } }\n\n\n.pdf-embed-wrap{border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 2px 16px rgba(0,21,46,.1);margin:1.5rem 0;}\n.pdf-embed-header{background:#002147;padding:.75rem 1.25rem;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;flex-wrap:wrap;}\n.pdf-embed-title{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:.88rem;color:#FFFFFF;}\n.pdf-embed-actions{display:flex;gap:.5rem;flex-wrap:wrap;}\n.pdf-btn{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:600;padding:.35rem .85rem;border-radius:4px;text-decoration:none;transition:background .15s;white-space:nowrap;}\n.pdf-btn--view{background:rgba(255,255,255,.15);color:#FFFFFF;}\n.pdf-btn--view:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,.25);}\n.pdf-btn--dl{background:#00659E;color:#FFFFFF;}\n.pdf-btn--dl:hover{background:#007ABB;}\n.pdf-embed-frame{display:block;background:#F3F7FB;width:100%;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-radius:0 0 8px 8px;}\n\n\n.cui-block{margin:0 0 .4rem}\n.cui-h3{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:800;color:#002147 !important;font-size:1.2rem;margin:1.9rem 0 .6rem;padding-top:1.3rem;border-top:1px solid #E6EEF6}\n.cui-block:first-of-type .cui-h3{border-top:none;padding-top:0;margin-top:.2rem}\n.cui-lead{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.7;color:#1C2430 !important;margin:0 0 .6rem;max-width:82ch}\n.cui-list{margin:.2rem 0 .8rem;padding-left:1.35rem;max-width:82ch}\n.cui-list>li{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.55;color:#1C2430 !important;margin-bottom:.4rem}\n.cui-list ul{margin:.4rem 0 .5rem;padding-left:1.35rem;list-style:circle}\n.cui-list ul li{margin-bottom:.3rem}\n\n.ca-photo{display:block;width:100%;max-width:300px;height:auto;border-radius:12px;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;margin:.2rem 0 1.4rem}\n.beh-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:.9rem;margin:1.1rem 0 1.5rem}\n.beh-card{background:#F3F7FB;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-left:4px solid #008ED6;border-radius:10px;padding:1rem 1.2rem;font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:700;color:#002147 !important;font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.35}\n\n.fnav-item--dead{opacity:.55;cursor:default;font-style:italic}\n.pcard-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(330px,1fr));gap:1.2rem;margin-top:.4rem}\n.pcard{background:#F3F7FB;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-left:4px solid #008ED6;border-radius:12px;padding:1.3rem 1.5rem}\n.pcard__name{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:800;color:#002147 !important;font-size:1.22rem;margin:0 0 .3rem}\n.pcard__role{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1.02rem;color:#4A5060 !important;margin:0 0 .8rem;line-height:1.45}\n.pcard__meta{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1rem;color:#1C2430 !important;line-height:1.6;margin:0 0 .5rem}\n.pcard__contact{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.96rem}\n.pcard__contact div{margin-bottom:.25rem}\n.pcard__contact a{color:#00629A !important;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600}\n\n.cui-sublabel{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:800;color:#00629A !important;font-size:1.05rem;margin:1.2rem 0 .4rem}\n.feap-stats{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1.2rem;margin:.4rem 0 .5rem}\n.feap-stat{background:#F3F7FB;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-left:4px solid #008ED6;border-radius:12px;padding:1.1rem 1.6rem;min-width:190px}\n.feap-stat__num{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:800;color:#00629A !important;font-size:2.2rem;line-height:1}\n.feap-stat__lbl{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;color:#4A5060 !important;font-size:1rem;margin-top:.35rem;line-height:1.4}\n\n.pub-list{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:1rem;margin-top:.4rem}\n.pub-item{background:#F3F7FB;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-left:4px solid #008ED6;border-radius:12px;padding:1.2rem 1.4rem}\n.pub-title{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-weight:800;color:#002147 !important;font-size:1.08rem;line-height:1.42;margin:0 0 .45rem}\n.pub-meta{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1.03rem;color:#4A5060 !important;line-height:1.55;margin:0}\n\n.ov-figure{margin:1.5rem 0 0}\n.ov-figure img{display:block;width:100%;max-width:900px;height:auto;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-radius:12px}\n.ov-figure figcaption{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.9rem;color:#636B78 !important;margin-top:.6rem}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n.cards-grid {\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));\n  gap: 1.5rem;\n}\n.card {\n  position: relative;\n  overflow: hidden;\n  display: flex;\n  flex-direction: column;\n  transition: border-color .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, transform .25s ease !important;\n}\n.card::before {\n  content: \"\";\n  position: absolute;\n  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;\n  height: 4px;\n  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #00629A 0%, #008ED6 100%);\n  opacity: .9;\n}\n.card:hover {\n  border-color: #008ED6 !important;\n  box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(0, 33, 71, .10) !important;\n  transform: translateY(-3px);\n}\na.card { text-decoration: none; color: inherit; }\n.card__body { padding: 1.85rem 1.65rem 1.65rem; flex: 1; }\n.card__eyebrow {\n  font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n  font-size: .68rem;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  letter-spacing: .14em;\n  text-transform: uppercase;\n  margin-bottom: .75rem;\n  display: block;\n  color: #00629A;\n}\n.card__title {\n  font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n  font-size: 1.35rem;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  line-height: 1.25;\n  margin-bottom: .9rem;\n  display: block;\n  color: #002147;\n}\n.card__text {\n  font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif;\n  font-size: 1rem;\n  line-height: 1.65;\n  display: block;\n  color: #4A5060;\n}\na.card--action .card__title {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: .65rem;\n  font-size: 1.25rem;\n}\na.card--action .card__title::after {\n  content: \"\\2192\";\n  color: #00629A;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  margin-left: auto;\n  font-size: 1.35rem;\n  transition: transform .2s ease;\n}\na.card--action:hover .card__title::after { transform: translateX(4px); }\n\n\/* Featured card (Report Incident) *\/\n.card--featured {\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #002147 0%, #00629A 100%);\n  border: none;\n}\n.card--featured::before { display: none; }\n.card--featured .card__eyebrow { color: #6DC8F5; }\n.card--featured .card__title { color: #FFFFFF; }\n.card--featured .card__text { color: #FFFFFF; }\n.card--featured.card--action .card__title::after { color: #6DC8F5; }\n\n\/* Mission block *\/\n.mission-block {\n  background: #F3F7FB;\n  border-left: 4px solid #00629A;\n  padding: 1.85rem 2rem;\n  border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0;\n}\n.mission-block p {\n  font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif;\n  font-size: 1.05rem;\n  line-height: 1.75;\n  color: #1C2430;\n  margin: 0 0 1.1rem;\n}\n.mission-block p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\n\n\/* Three pillars (CIA triad and Be x3) *\/\n.three-pillars {\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));\n  gap: 1.5rem;\n  margin: 1.5rem 0;\n}\n.pillar {\n  background: #FFFFFF;\n  border: 1px solid #C2D4E6;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  padding: 2rem 1.65rem;\n  text-align: center;\n  transition: border-color .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease;\n}\n.pillar:hover { border-color: #008ED6; box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(0,33,71,.08); }\n.pillar__icon {\n  width: 3.5rem;\n  height: 3.5rem;\n  border-radius: 50%;\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #008ED6 0%, #00629A 100%);\n  color: #FFFFFF;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: center;\n  font-size: 1.5rem;\n  margin: 0 auto 1rem;\n  font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n  font-weight: 800;\n}\n.pillar__title {\n  font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n  font-size: 1.25rem;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  color: #002147;\n  margin: 0 0 .65rem;\n}\n.pillar__text {\n  font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif;\n  font-size: 1rem;\n  line-height: 1.6;\n  color: #4A5060;\n  margin: 0;\n}\n\n\/* Advisory notice (cyber incident reporting) *\/\n.advisory-notice {\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #FFF8E1 0%, #FFF0F0 100%);\n  border-left: 6px solid #B45309;\n  border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0;\n  padding: 1.85rem 2rem;\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto;\n  gap: 1.5rem;\n  align-items: center;\n}\n.advisory-notice__icon {\n  width: 3rem;\n  height: 3rem;\n  border-radius: 50%;\n  background: #B45309;\n  color: #FFFFFF;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: center;\n  font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n  font-weight: 800;\n  font-size: 1.5rem;\n  flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.advisory-notice__title {\n  font-family: 'Sora', sans-serif;\n  font-size: 1.25rem;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  color: #002147;\n  margin: 0 0 .35rem;\n}\n.advisory-notice__text {\n  font-family: 'Crimson Pro', Georgia, serif;\n  font-size: 1rem;\n  line-height: 1.55;\n  color: #1C2430;\n  margin: 0;\n}\n.advisory-notice .btn--primary {\n  background: #B45309;\n  border-color: #B45309;\n  white-space: nowrap;\n}\n\n\/* Be x3 (mantra) pillars \u2014 distinguished navy variant *\/\n.pillar--navy {\n  background: #002147;\n  color: #FFFFFF;\n  border: none;\n}\n.pillar--navy:hover {\n  background: #00629A;\n  border-color: transparent;\n}\n.pillar--navy .pillar__icon {\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,.15);\n  border: 2px solid #6DC8F5;\n}\n.pillar--navy .pillar__title {\n  color: #FFFFFF;\n}\n.pillar--navy .pillar__text {\n  color: #FFFFFF;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 720px) {\n  .cards-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1rem; }\n  .card__body { padding: 1.5rem 1.35rem 1.35rem; }\n  .card__title { font-size: 1.2rem; }\n  .three-pillars { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n  .advisory-notice { grid-template-columns: 1fr; text-align: center; }\n  .advisory-notice__icon { margin: 0 auto; }\n}\n.media-split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.8rem;align-items:center}\n@media(min-width:820px){.media-split{grid-template-columns:1.4fr .95fr}.media-split.rev>*:first-child{order:2}}\n.media-split figure{margin:0}\n.media-split figure img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-radius:12px}\n.res-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1rem;margin-top:.5rem}\n@media(min-width:640px){.res-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}\n.res-card{display:block;background:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #C2D4E6;border-left:3px solid #00659E;border-radius:10px;padding:1.1rem 1.25rem;text-decoration:none}\n.res-card:hover{background:#F3F7FB;border-color:#008ED6}\n.res-card__label{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:.78rem;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#00629A;margin-bottom:.3rem}\n.res-card__name{font-family:'Sora',sans-serif;font-size:1.02rem;font-weight:700;color:#002147}\n.learn-quote{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-style:italic;font-size:1.4rem;color:#002147;border-left:4px solid #008ED6;padding-left:1.1rem;margin:1.4rem 0 0}\n.loc-block{font-family:'Crimson Pro',Georgia,serif;font-size:1.05rem;color:#1C2430;line-height:1.6}\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<a href=\"#main-content\" class=\"skip-link\">Skip to main content<\/a>\n\n<nav class=\"breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n<div class=\"w\"><ol class=\"breadcrumb__list\">\n  <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/\">JSU Home<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/cset\/chemistry-physics-and-atmospheric-science\/\">Physics &amp; Atmospheric Sciences<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><span aria-current=\"page\">Meteorology<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<\/nav>\n\n<main id=\"main-content\" class=\"jsu-main-content\">\n\n  <!-- HERO -->\n  <section class=\"hero dk\" aria-labelledby=\"hero-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\"><div class=\"hero__inner\"><div>\n    <span class=\"hero__tag\">Chemistry, Physics &amp; Atmospheric Sciences &middot; College of Science, Engineering, and Technology<\/span>\n    <h1 class=\"hero__title\" id=\"hero-h\">\n      <em>Meteorology<\/em>\n    <\/h1>\n    <p class=\"hero__desc\">\n      The Bachelor of Science in Meteorology at Jackson State University &mdash; the only Meteorology degree program in Mississippi and its neighboring states &mdash; preparing students for meteorology careers and graduate study.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"hero__btns\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/apply\/\" class=\"btn btn--primary\">Apply<\/a>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/recruitment\/tour-jsu-registration\/\" class=\"btn btn--outline-white\">Visit<\/a>\n      <a href=\"#contact\" class=\"btn btn--outline-white\">Contact<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- INCIDENT REPORTING ADVISORY -->\n    <section class=\"sec\" id=\"about\" aria-labelledby=\"about-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-bottom:1.4rem;\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">About the Program<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"about-h\">Meteorology<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <p class=\"cui-lead\">If you have ever wondered scientifically, &ldquo;why&rdquo; something is the way it is, or &ldquo;how&rdquo; can something exist or behave the way it does, then you&rsquo;ve entered the realm of physics. Physics is the most fundamental of all sciences, and is the study of nature that is all around us. Physicists try to understand the most basic laws that govern the behavior of nature.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"media-split\" style=\"margin-top:1.8rem;\">\n      <div>\n        <p class=\"cui-lead\">The Jackson State University Atmospheric Science\/Meteorology Program is comprised of key components: basic curricula, academic support, research, and outreach. Together, these elements form a supportive framework for the preparation of minority atmospheric scientists. The program emphasizes student learning and professional readiness, increasing the number of African American atmospheric scientists and graduate students, and expanding research and development in basic and applied research, computer-related training, and outreach efforts.<\/p>\n        <p class=\"cui-lead\">Our Bachelor of Science in Meteorology program is designed to prepare students for meteorology careers and graduate study. We also educate students from other disciplines about atmospheric characteristics and phenomena.<\/p>\n        <p class=\"cui-lead\"><strong>The B.S. in Meteorology is the only degree program in Meteorology in Mississippi and in its neighboring states.<\/strong><\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <figure>\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2026\/10\/Meteorology_students2.jpg\" alt=\"Jackson State University meteorology students\" title=\"Meteorology Physics\">\n      <\/figure>\n    <\/div>\n    <p class=\"cui-lead\" style=\"margin-top:1.4rem;\">To view a listing of the undergraduate-level courses offered, <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/physics\/#atmos\">click here<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/physics\/#atmos\">Click here<\/a> to view the course curriculum for the B.S. in Meteorology.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <section class=\"sec sec--off\" id=\"learn\" aria-labelledby=\"learn-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-bottom:1.2rem;\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Learn By Doing<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"learn-h\">Explore the Frontiers<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <p class=\"cui-lead\">Learn about the frontiers of space and time while searching for extrasolar planets and world-renowned observatories. Explore the mind-bending consequences of Einstein&rsquo;s theory of gravity and curved space-time, or unlock the mysteries of our awesome Earth with field research opportunities.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"learn-quote\">&ldquo;Challenging Minds, Changing Lives.&rdquo;<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <section class=\"sec\" id=\"research\" aria-labelledby=\"research-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-bottom:1.2rem;\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Research<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"research-h\">Advancing Physics<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <p class=\"cui-lead\">For many years, we have played a central role in new physics developments and advancements. Want to learn more? Click below to view our advancements.<\/p>\n    <p style=\"margin-top:1.1rem;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/research\/\" class=\"btn btn--outline-navy\">View Our Research<\/a><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <section class=\"sec sec--off\" id=\"resources\" aria-labelledby=\"resources-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-bottom:1.4rem;\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Resources<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"resources-h\">Student Resources<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"res-grid\">\n      <a class=\"res-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/academicaffairs\/academic-calendar\/\"><div class=\"res-card__label\">Calendar<\/div><div class=\"res-card__name\">Important Dates<\/div><\/a>\n      <a class=\"res-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/biology\/forms\/\"><div class=\"res-card__label\">Documents<\/div><div class=\"res-card__name\">Forms<\/div><\/a>\n      <a class=\"res-card\" href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2026\/10\/CSET-Tutoring-Fall-2022.pdf\"><div class=\"res-card__label\">Support<\/div><div class=\"res-card__name\">CSET Scholars Academy \/ Tutoring<\/div><\/a>\n      <a class=\"res-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/chemistry\/cpas-faculty\/\"><div class=\"res-card__label\">Personnel<\/div><div class=\"res-card__name\">CPAS Faculty<\/div><\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <section class=\"sec sec--surface\" id=\"contact\" aria-labelledby=\"contact-h\">\n  <div class=\"w\">\n    <div class=\"sec-head\" style=\"margin-bottom:1.5rem;\">\n      <span class=\"sec-eyebrow\">Ready to Join?<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"sec-title\" id=\"contact-h\">Contact Us<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"media-split\">\n      <div>\n        <p class=\"cui-lead\">For more information, please contact us at <a href=\"tel:+16019797012\">(601) 979-7012<\/a>. We look forward to meeting with you and seeing how our program can help you achieve your goals.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"loc-block\" style=\"margin-top:1.2rem;\">\n          <strong>Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Atmospheric Sciences<\/strong><br>\n          College of Science, Engineering &amp; Technology<br>\n          Jackson State University<br>\n          P.O. Box 18750<br>\n          Jackson, MS 39217\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <figure>\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2026\/10\/aedrian-tF1wRU5_r74-unsplash-768x512-1.jpg\" alt=\"Atmospheric sky and clouds\" title=\"Meteorology Physics\">\n      <\/figure>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n<\/main><!-- end #main-content -->\n\n<button class=\"fnav-toggle\"\n        aria-label=\"Open page navigation menu\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n        aria-controls=\"fnav-drawer\"\n        type=\"button\">\n  <span class=\"fnav-toggle__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#9776;<\/span>\n  <span class=\"fnav-toggle__label\">Menu<\/span>\n<\/button>\n\n<div class=\"fnav-overlay\" id=\"fnav-overlay\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n\n<nav class=\"fnav-drawer\" id=\"fnav-drawer\" aria-label=\"Page navigation\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n  <div class=\"fnav-drawer__header\">\n    <div>\n      <span 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Studies<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/physics\/graduate-studies\/\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">Graduate Studies<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fnav-group\">\n      <span class=\"fnav-group__label\">Curriculum &amp; Admissions<\/span>\n      <ul class=\"fnav-group__items\" role=\"list\">\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/physics\/prospective-students\/#Expect\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">General Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/physics\/prospective-students\/#Expect\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">Curriculum<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/studentsuccess\/degree-and-majors\/#P\" class=\"fnav-item fnav-item--child\" aria-current=\"false\">General Physics<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/studentsuccess\/degree-and-majors\/#M\" class=\"fnav-item fnav-item--child\" aria-current=\"false\">Meteorology<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/studentsuccess\/degree-and-majors\/#E\" class=\"fnav-item fnav-item--child\" aria-current=\"false\">Earth System Science<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/physics\/prospective-students\/#Expect\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">Scholarships<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/physics\/#Career\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">Career Opportunities<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fnav-group\">\n      <span class=\"fnav-group__label\">Research &amp; More<\/span>\n      <ul class=\"fnav-group__items\" role=\"list\">\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/research\/\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">Departmental Research<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/physics\/#Resources\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">Resources<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/physics\/personnel\/\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">Personnel<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/physics\/#Contact\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">Contact Us<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsums.org\/chemistry\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/jsums.org\/cset\/\" class=\"fnav-item\" aria-current=\"false\">CSET<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/nav>\n\n<button class=\"jsu-btt\" id=\"jsu-btt\" aria-label=\"Back to top\" type=\"button\">&#8679;<\/button>\n\n<script>\n(function(){\n'use strict';\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Year \u2500\u2500 *\/\nvar yr=document.getElementById('year');\nif(yr)yr.textContent=new Date().getFullYear();\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 Drawer Nav \u2500\u2500 *\/\nvar toggle=document.querySelector('.fnav-toggle'),\n    drawer=document.getElementById('fnav-drawer'),\n    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